Henry Jackson Ellicott Explained
Henry Jackson Ellicott (June 22 or 23, 1847, in Annapolis, Maryland – February 11, 1901, in Washington, D.C.) was an American sculptor and architectural sculptor, best known for his work on American Civil War monuments.
Biography
The son of James P. Ellicott and Fannie Adelaide Ince, he attended Rock Hill College School in Ellicott City, Maryland, and Gonzaga College High School in Washington, D.C. He studied at Georgetown Medical College, and may have served in the Civil War.[1]
At age 19, he completed a larger-than-life plaster statue of Abraham Lincoln - likely an entry in the Lincoln Monument Association's competition for a marble statue - that was exhibited for two years in the United States Capitol rotunda. The competition was won by sculptor Lot Flannery, whose statue is at District of Columbia City Hall. The fate of Ellicott's Lincoln statue is unknown.[2]
He studied at the National Academy of Design, 1867–1870, under William Henry Powell and Emanuel Leutze; and later studied under Constantino Brumidi.[3]
His first two commissions were for monuments at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Lothian, Maryland (1870) and Greenwood Cemetery in Laurel, Maryland. He was the likely modeler of an Infantryman statue for J. W. Fiske Architectural Metals, Inc. of New York City, that was mass-produced and used in numerous municipal Civil War monuments. Company records list the sculptor's name as "Allicot."[4]
He moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and modeled architectural sculpture on buildings for the 1876 Centennial Exposition.[5] He remained in Philadelphia, and exhibited occasionally at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts between 1878 and 1891.[6]
Ellicott was appointed Superintendent and Chief Modeler for the U.S. Treasury Department in 1889, responsible for all federal monuments. He moved to Washington, D.C. He died on February 11, 1901, in Washington, D.C. He was buried at Rock Creek Cemetery.[7]
Personal
In 1883, he married Lida Dyre, of Maryland, a woman eighteen years his junior.[8] They had no children.
Selected works
- Abraham Lincoln, plaster, current whereabout unknown, ca. 1866. Exhibited in United States Capitol rotunda, 1866–1868.
- Goddess of Commerce, Goddess of Protection, Goddess of Mechanism, zinc, atop New England Mutual Life Insurance Building, Boston, Massachusetts, 1875, Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee, architect (demolished 1946).[9] The figure group was once the symbol of the company, but the statues were melted down in a World War II scrap-metal drive.[10]
- Recording Angel, atop Thomas P. Duncan Mausoleum, Union Dale Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1880, Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr., architect.
- Bas-relief portrait of John Sartain, bronze, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ca. 1888[11]
- Architectural sculpture: 33 Keystones (Ethnological Heads), granite, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1891. Carved by Ellicott and William Boyd.
- Francis Elias Spinner, bronze, Myers Park, Herkimer, New York, 1894.[12] [13]
- Zebulon Baird Vance Monument, bronze, North Carolina State Capitol, Raleigh, North Carolina, 1899–1900.
Civil War monuments
- Goddess of Victory, bronze, atop Soldiers' Monument, Veterans Park, Holyoke, Massachusetts, 1875–76.[14]
- Ellicott also modeled the four bronze relief panels on the monument's base.
- Colonel James Cameron, granite with brass sword, Civil War Monument, Cameron Park, Sunbury, Pennsylvania, 1879.[15]
- Infantryman, bronze, Civil War Monument, Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1881. The Sailor and Cavalry Officer figures were modeled by William Rudolf O'Donovan.
- Cavalryman, bronze, 2nd Pennsylvania Cavalry Monument, Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1887–1889.
- Kneeling Cavalryman, bronze, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry Monument, Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1889–90.
- Equestrian statue of General Winfield Scott Hancock, bronze, Washington, D.C., 1889–1896.
- Equestrian statue of General George B. McClellan, bronze, City Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1891–1894.
Portrait busts
- Vice-President George M. Dallas, marble, United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection, United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1893[16]
- Rear-Admiral George W. Melville, bronze, United States Naval Academy Museum, Annapolis, Maryland[17]
- George Yost Coffin[17]
- General John Schofield[17]
- Senator Daniel W. Voorhees[17]
- Samuel H. Kauffmann[17]
Attributed works
- Infantryman, zinc, modeled by "Allicot" (Ellicott?) and mass-produced by J. W. Fiske Architectural Metals, Inc., New York City, from ca. 1875 to 1927. Examples in Saratoga, New York (1875), Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (1878), King Ferry, New York (1882), Arcadia, Missouri (1886), Norwalk, Connecticut (1889), Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts (1890), Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts (1891),[18] Pottstown, Pennsylvania (1893), Berlin, New York (1906), Iola, Kansas (1909), and North Kingston, Rhode Island (1912).
- Charles Evans, bronze, Charles Evans Cemetery, Reading, Pennsylvania.[19] The undated statue is signed "ELLICOTT SC." and was cast by Bureau Brothers Foundry in Philadelphia.[20]
- Statuette of Franklin Pierce, bronzed composition metal, New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord, New Hampshire, 1896, height: [21] Likely Ellicott's entry in the 1896 design competition for a statue (unexecuted) for the New Hampshire State House.[22]
Notes and References
- https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D17FF3E5F1B738DDDAA0994DD405B8685F0D3 An 1896 New York Times article
- Louis A. Warren, "The Curious Story of Ellicott's Lincoln," Lincoln Herald, vol. 48-49, 1946.
- Charles Edwin Fairman, Works of Art in the United States Capitol Building: Including Biographies of the Artists (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1913), p. 22.
- http://cool.conservation-us.org/jaic/articles/jaic42-01-003_2.html#fig2 Fiske Infantryman
- "Henry Jackson Ellicott," Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, Rossiter Johnson, ed. (1904).
- Susan James-Gadzinski and Mary Mullen-Cunningham, "Henry J. Ellicott," American Sculpture in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997), pp. 106-07.
- News: H. J. Ellicott Dead . 1901-02-12 . . 2 . . 2024-05-01.
- "H. J. Ellicott Dead," The Legacy: Newsletter of the Howard County Historical Society, vol. 50, no. 2 (Summer 2013), pp. 1, 3.
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/5736770677/in/set-72157626625034831 Closeup of the building
- http://www.nefapps.nefn.com/portal/irc/timeline/milkst1.htm Company Timeline
- https://www.pafa.org/museum/collection/item/john-sartain John Sartain
- http://fulton.nygenweb.net/history/turnpike/Herkimer.html General Spinner
- https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=16PK663R00434.2046&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!330062~!13&ri=1&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Ellicott,+Henry&index=.AW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=1 General Spinner
- http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/det/4a10000/4a18000/4a18200/4a18268v.jpg Holyoke Soldiers' Monument
- http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotos-g53788-w2-Sunbury_Pennsylvania.html#20717766 Colonel Cameron
- https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/art/artifact/Sculpture_22_00011.htm George M. Dallas bust
- "Henry J. Ellicott Buried," Washington, February 1901.
- http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/civil-war/2011/aug/23/marthas-vineyard-obama-should-see-civil-war-statue/ Martha's Vineyard Infantryman
- http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/berksp/tsimages/chasevans/evans-chas1.jpg Charles Evans
- http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=H33B35886982U.1620&profile=ariall&uri=link=3100006~!311826~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=6&source=~!siartinventories&term=Ellicott%2C+sculptor.&index=AUTHOR#focus Charles Evans
- https://www.nhhistory.org/object/171608/sculpture Sculpture
- Michael J. Connelly, "The Franklin Pierce Statue Controversy," The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, vol. 12, no. 2 (April 2013), pp. 234-259.
