| County: | Henry County |
| State: | Virginia |
| Ex Image: | Beaver Creek Plantation house.jpg |
| Ex Image Size: | 300px |
| Flag: | Flag of Henry County, Virginia.png |
| Seal: | Henry County, Virginia seal.png |
| Founded: | 1777 |
| Seat Wl: | Martinsville |
| Largest City Wl: | Ridgeway |
| City Type: | town |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 384 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 382 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 2 |
| Area Percentage: | 0.5 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 50948 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | auto |
| Web: | www.henrycountyva.gov |
| Time Zone: | Eastern |
| District: | 9th |
Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,948.[1] The county seat is usually identified as Martinsville;[2] however, the administration building (where county offices are located and where the board of supervisors holds meetings), county courthouse, and Henry County Sheriff's Office are located on Kings Mountain Road (SR 174) in Collinsville.The Henry County Adult Detention Center is located on DuPont Road in Henry County, just south of Martinsville.
Henry County is part of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The county was established in 1777 when it was carved from Pittsylvania County. The new county was initially named Patrick Henry County in honor of Patrick Henry, who was then serving as the first Governor of Virginia, and some of whose relatives had settled in the area. Governor Henry also had a 10000acres plantation called "Leatherwood plantation" (for Leatherwood Creek) in the newly named county (where he ended up spending 5 years between his third and fourth gubernatorial terms).[3] [4] [5] [6]
In 1785 the northern part of Patrick Henry County was combined with part of Bedford County to form Franklin County. In 1790, Patrick Henry County was split again: the western part became Patrick County and the rest remained Henry County.
Other notable early settlers included: George Waller,[7] Captain George Hairston and Major John Redd,[8] all of whom were present at the surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown; Col. Abram Penn, a native of Amherst County, Virginia, who led his Henry County militia troops with the intention of joining General Nathanael Greene at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse during the Revolutionary War;[9] and Brigadier General Joseph Martin, for whom Martinsville is named.[10] Also prominent were Mordecai Hord, a native of Louisa County and explorer, who lived on his plantation called Hordsville;[11] and Col. John Dillard, born in Amherst County, Virginia in 1751, wounded at the Battle of Princeton during the Revolution, and later a member of the Committee of Safety. Captain Robert Hairston, a noted politician in the Colony of Virginia, owned Marrowbone plantation, commanded a militia company and served as Henry County's first high sheriff.
During the War of 1812, the 64th Virginia Militia, under Captain Graves, was formed in 1815 from Henry County. Benjamin Dyer was a lieutenant, then later a captain, of the 5th company of the 64th Virginia Militia. Private Alexander Hunter Bassett would later work large tobacco plantations in the county, and Wyatt Jarrett. Tavner Hailey (b.1793) of Martinsville became an early pioneer in Tennessee and served in the War of 1812. He was 1st Cpl. in Captain Brice Edward's Company, 64th Regiment, Virginia Militia."[12]
During the American Civil War, the 42nd Virginia Infantry was formed in part from Henry County volunteers. Its state senator, Christopher Y. Thomas, owned Henry's former Leatherwood plantation and would later briefly serve in the U.S. House of Representatives after the war. He was succeeded by George Cabell, a Confederate army veteran (38th Virginia Infantry) born in nearby Danville and from a family long prominent in the area.[13]
In 1902, the Henry County Historical Society was incorporated at Martinsville with its first officers being John W. Carter, J. Harrison Spencer and C. B. Bryant.[14]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and (0.5%) is water.[15] Henry County is one of the 423 counties served by the Appalachian Regional Commission,[16] and it is identified as part of "Greater Appalachia" by Colin Woodard in his book American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America.[17]
The county's six districts are as follows, in alphabetical order: Axton, Bassett, Collinsville, Horsepasture, Reed Creek, and Ridgeway.
| White alone (NH) | 38,737 | 34,307 | 71.54% | 67.34% | |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 11,786 | 11,062 | 21.77% | 21.71% | |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 78 | 68 | 0.14% | 0.13% | |
| Asian alone (NH) | 236 | 284 | 0.44% | 0.56% | |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 2 | 6 | 0.00% | 0.01% | |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 43 | 153 | 0.08% | 0.30% | |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 724 | 1,767 | 1.34% | 3.47% | |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2,545 | 3,301 | 4.70% | 6.48% | |
| Total | 54,151 | 50,948 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 57,930 people, 23,910 households, and 16,952 families residing in the county. The population density was 152/mi2. There were 25,921 housing units at an average density of 68/mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 89.47% White, 10% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.39% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. 3.46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 23,910 households, out of which 28.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.30% were married couples living together, 12.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.10% were non-families. 25.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.30% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 26.10% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.00 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $31,816, and the median income for a family was $38,649. Males had a median income of $26,660 versus $20,766 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,110. About 8.80% of families and 11.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.20% of those under age 18 and 12.60% of those age 65 or over.
Henry County is represented by Republican William M. "Bill" Stanley in the Virginia Senate, Republicans Wren Williams, D.W. "Danny" Marshall III, and Les R. Adams in the Virginia House of Delegates, and Republicans Bob Good and H. Morgan Griffith in the U.S. House of Representatives.
The Henry County Sheriff's Office (HCSO) is the primary law enforcement agency in Henry County.
Robert Hairston was appointed the first "High sheriff" by Governor Thomas Nelson Jr. when Henry County was formed in 1777. Alexander Hunter also served as sheriff of Henry County for one year in 1803.
In 2006, a federal Grand Jury charged 20 defendants for their roles in a racketeering conspiracy that included the distribution of illegal drugs, theft of drugs and firearms under the custody of the Henry County Sheriff's Office, money laundering, and obstruction of justice. Thirteen of the twenty defendants were current or former employees of the Sheriff's Office. Eighteen of the defendants, including sheriff Frank Cassell, were convicted of felony offenses. This case, United States v. Frank Cassell, was prosecuted by US Attorney John L. Brownlee.[21] [22]
As an independent city since 1928, Martinsville is not part of Henry County, but exists as an enclave, surrounded by the county.