| Group: | Comechingón |
| Pop: | c. 27,509 |
| Region1: |  Argentina |
| Pop1: | 27,509 (2022) |
| Ref1: | [1] |
| Religions: | Catholicism |
| Related: | Indigenous peoples of the Americas |
Comechingón (plural Comechingones) is the common name for a group of people indigenous to the Argentine provinces of Córdoba and San Luis. By the end of the 17th century, most Comechingones had been killed or displaced by the Spanish conquistadores.
The two main Comechingón groups called themselves Henia (in the north) and Kamiare (in the south), each subdivided into a dozen or so tribes. The name comechingón is a deformation of the pejorative term kamichingan—"cave dwellers"—used by the Sanavirón tribe.
They were sedentary, practiced agriculture yet gathered wild fruits, and raised animals for wool, meat and eggs. Their culture was heavily influenced by that of the Andes.
Several aspects seem to differentiate the Henia-Kamiare from the rest of amerindians. They had a rather Caucasian appearance, with beards and quite a few of them with greenish eyes. Another distinctive aspect was their communal stone houses, half buried in the ground to endure the cold, wind and snow of the winter.
Their language was lost when Spanish policies favoured Quechua, an indigenous language they transplanted from Upper Peru.[2] Nevertheless, they left a rich pictography and abstract petroglyphs.
A cultural contribution is the vowel extension in the Spanish of the present inhabitants of Córdoba, but also not uncommon in San Luis and other neighbouring provinces.
According to the 2010 census there are 34,546 self-identified Comechingón descendants in Argentina.[3]