Hemicyoninae Explained
Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae,[1] [2] often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμικυων)). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . They are sometimes classified as a separate family.[3]
Systematics
The hemicyonines consists of three tribes: the Cephalogalini, Phoberocyonini, and Hemicyonini. In the past the hemicyonines were evaluated into family level (Hemicyonidae).[3] However the vast majority of papers and researchers that cover the evolution of bears often classified them as an extinct subfamily of ursids or stem-bears.[4] [5] The genus Agriotherium was once classified as a hemicyonine[3] but recent work has shown the genus is a crown-ursid.[6]
- Subfamily †Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
- Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
- †Adelpharctos de Bonis, 1971
- †Adelpharctos ginsburgi de Bonis, 2011
- †Adelpharctos mirus de Bonis, 1971
- †Cyonarctos de Bonis, 2013
- †Cyonarctos dessei de Bonis, 2013
- †Phoberogale Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
- †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
- †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
- †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
- †Filholictis de Bonis, 2013
- †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
- †Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862
- †Cephalogale shareri Wang, et al., 2009
- †Cephalogale gergoviensis Viret, 1929
- †Cephalogale ginesticus Kuss, 1962
- †Cephalogale geoffroyi Jourdan, 1862
- Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Plithocyon Ginsburg, 1955
- †Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg, 1955
- †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
- †Plithocyon bruneti Ginsburg, 1980
- †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
- †Phoberocyon Ginsburg, 1955
- †Phoberocyon hispanicus Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
- †Phoberocyon dehmi Ginsburg, 1955
- †Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg, 1955
- †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
- †Phoberocyon youngi Xiang et al., 1986
- †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
- Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
- †Zaragocyon Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
- †Dinocyon Jourdan, 1861
- †Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick, 1926
- †Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick, 1926
- †Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan, 1861
- †Hemicyon Lartet, 1851
- †Hemicyon barbouri Colbert, 1941
- †Hemicyon teilhardi Colbert, 1939
- †Hemicyon grivensis Frick, 1926
- †Hemicyon minor Dépéret, 1887
- †Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet, 1851
Notes and References
- Louis De Bonis . 2013 . Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862 . Geodiversitas . 35 . 4 . 787–814 . 10.5252/g2013n4a4 . 131561629 .
- L. de Bonis . 2011 . A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) . 10.3989/egeol.40553.181 . Estudios Geológicos . 67 . 2 . 179–186 . free .
- Book: McKenna . M.C. . Bell . S. . 1997 . Classification of nammals above the species level . Columbia University Press . 9780231528535 . New York .
- Book: Jacobs . Louis . Janis . Christine M. . Scott . Kathleen L. . Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge, UK . 1998 . 0-521-35519-2 . R. M. . Hunt . Ursidae . 174–195 .
- Jiangzuo . Qigao . Flynn . John J. . 2020-06-26 . The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora . iScience . en . 23 . 6 . 101235 . 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101235 . 32559731 . 7303987 . 2020iSci...23j1235J . 2589-0042.
- Jiangzuo . Q. . Flynn . J. J. . Wang . S. . Hou . S. . Deng . T. . New fossil giant panda relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): a basal lineage of gigantic Mio-Pliocene cursorial carnivores . American Museum Novitates . 2023 . 3996 . 1–71 . 10.1206/3996.1 . 2246/7315 . 257508340 . free .
