| Helsinki metropolitan area | |
| Native Name: | Finnish: Helsingin seutu – Swedish: Helsingforsregionen |
| Settlement Type: | Metropolitan area |
| Mapsize: | 300px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Finland |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Uusimaa |
| Subdivision Type2: | Sub-region |
| Subdivision Name2: | Helsinki sub-region |
| Subdivision Type3: | Capital area |
| Subdivision Name3: | Helsinki capital region |
| Seat: | Helsinki |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP |
| Demographics2 Footnotes: | [1] |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Metro |
| Demographics2 Info1: | €105.831 billion (2022) |
Helsinki metropolitan area (Finnish: Helsingin seutu, Swedish: Helsingforsregionen) or Greater Helsinki (Finnish: Suur-Helsinki, Swedish: Storhelsingfors) is the metropolitan area around Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. It also includes the smaller capital region. The terms Helsinki metropolitan area, Greater Helsinki, Capital region and the other terms used are not fixed and may vary in different contexts.
The metropolitan region is the largest urbanised area in the country with a population of approximately million and is by far the most important economic, cultural, and scientific region of Finland. Five of Finland's 14 universities,[2] and six universities of applied sciences are located in the metropolitan area, as are most of the headquarters of major companies and government institutions. Finland's main airline hub and airport, Helsinki Airport, is located in the city of Vantaa.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
These regions are located in the south of Finland, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, which is part of the Baltic Sea. They are part of the region of Uusimaa.
See main article: Helsinki capital region. In the strictest sense, the Finnish capital region consists of four municipalities with city title, Helsinki, Vantaa, Espoo and Kauniainen. It has a population of about million. This area is most often called the Capital region in English, Pääkaupunkiseutu in Finnish, and Huvudstadsregionen in Swedish, although the use of the terms is not especially consistent. The vast majority of the inhabitants live in the urban areas of the cities, but within the boundaries of these cities there are also suburban and rural areas.
The Helsinki metropolitan area includes around ten additional municipalities that can be considered commuter towns and exurbs of Helsinki. These municipalities are Hyvinkää, Järvenpää, Kerava, Kirkkonummi, Nurmijärvi, Sipoo, Tuusula, Mäntsälä, Pornainen and Vihti, bringing the total population to about million. All of the municipalities belong to the region of Uusimaa. Of these, Järvenpää, Kerava, Tuusula, Nurmijärvi, Sipoo, Kirkkonummi, Mäntsälä and Vihti have parts of the urban area within them. Additionally, the cities of Porvoo, Lohja, Karkkila and to some extent Riihimäki, which have very close ties, motorway and, in the case of Riihimäki, commuter train accesses, and are fairly close to the capital, are nowadays often included in regional planning, which raises the total population to about million.
See main article: Helsinki sub-region. Helsinki metropolitan area differs from the Helsinki sub-region (Finnish: Helsingin seutukunta), which also includes the municipalities of Karkkila, Lohja and Siuntio. The Helsinki sub-region is used for statistical purposes. It is based on cooperation between municipalities and the commuting area. The sub-region has a population of about million.
The Helsinki Region Cooperation Assembly is a cooperative body of the municipalities of the Helsinki Region, whose members are the leading elected representatives of the municipalities. Seventeen municipalities participate in cooperation in the Helsinki Region:[9]
The common goal of the participating municipalities is to develop cooperation and advocacy. The cooperation is based on the common vision of the municipalities in the Helsinki region regarding the challenges facing the region and the common will to contribute to the development of the region.[9]
As a part of the "Urban audit" project, Eurostat has attempted to standardise the concept of a 'metropolitan area'. According to this study the Metropolitan area of Helsinki consists of the kernel of Helsinki: Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. The Helsinki Larger Urban Area (Helsingin seutu in Finnish) consists of 12 cities and municipalities: the kernel of Helsinki and the aforementioned eight municipalities.[11]
Statistics Finland define the commuter belt of Helsinki (Helsingin työssäkäyntialue, Helsingfors pendlingsområde) to include a total of 27 municipalities and a population of million.[12] [13] In addition to that, there are people from as far as Lahti and even Tampere commuting to Helsinki daily.
Statistics Finland also defines the Helsinki urban area according to the official Finnish definion of an urban area (Finnish: taajama in Finnish). Urban areas in Finland are defined as inhabited areas of at least 200 people with a maximum distance of between buildings.[14] [15] The Helsinki urban area is the largest of its kind in Finland, and encompasses land throughout metropolitan area, with notable gaps around forests and other less-densely populated areas.
The commuter towns of Lohja and Porvoo are not usually included to the Helsinki metropolitan area, though, if they were (considering their proximity to Helsinki and their high commuting rate), they would raise the overall population almost two million people. Hyvinkää, Järvenpää, Nurmijärvi, Tuusula, Mäntsälä and Pornainen, which have been designated as municipalities in Central Uusimaa in recent decades, have shown clear population growth due to their urban but also loose rural environment. These are also known as "Kuuma-kunnat" (literally means "hot municipalities").[16]
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In 2020 Helsinki's gross metropolitan product was €94.2 billion (US$100 billion). This puts Helsinki in 23rd place among cities in European Union.[17]