| Hells Canyon Dam | |
| Dam Crosses: | Snake River |
| Country: | United States |
| Location: | Hells Canyon, Adams County, Idaho / Wallowa County, Oregon |
| Dam Height: | 100abbr=onNaNabbr=on |
| Operator: | Idaho Power Company |
| Res Name: | Hells Canyon Reservoir |
| Res Capacity Total: | 232000000m2 |
| Res Catchment: | 189800abbr=onNaNabbr=on |
| Res Surface: | 10abbr=onNaNabbr=on |
| Res Elevation: | 1650feet |
| Plant Capacity: | 391 MW |
| Plant Annual Gen: | 2,051.3 GWh |
| Location Map: | USA##Idaho |
| Location Map Caption: | Location in the United States##Location in Idaho |
| Coordinates: | 45.2447°N -116.6983°W |
Hells Canyon Dam is a concrete gravity dam in the western United States, on the Snake River in Hells Canyon along the Idaho-Oregon border. At river mile 247, the dam impounds Hells Canyon Reservoir; its spillway elevation is 1680feet above sea level.
It is the third and final hydroelectric dam of the Hells Canyon Project, which includes Brownlee Dam (1959) and Oxbow Dam (1961), all built and operated by Idaho Power Company. The Hells Canyon Complex on the Snake River is the largest privately owned hydroelectric power complex in the nation, according to the US Energy Information Administration.[1] The contractor for the Hells Canyon Dam was Morrison-Knudsen of Boise.
The Hells Canyon Dam powerhouse contains three generating units, with a total nameplate capacity of .[2] Power generation began with two units in 1967, the third came on line the following year. Lacking passage for migrating salmon, the three dams of the Hells Canyon Project blocked access by anadromous salmonids to a stretch of the Snake River drainage basin from Hells Canyon Dam up to Shoshone Falls, which naturally prevents any upstream fish passage to the upper Snake River basin.
As built, Hells Canyon Dam is significantly lower than it was originally proposed in the 1940s, with three dams (Hells Canyon, Brownlee Dam and Oxbow Dam) taking the place of a single 710feet high dam.[3] As proposed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Hells Canyon High Dam would have been a straight-profile concrete gravity dam with two gate-controlled tunnel spillways, one in each abutment.
The proposed reservoir was planned to have a capacity of 4050000acre.ft with an area of 23500acres. The reservoir was to extend upstream. The power plant was to be capable of generating 850 MW using ten units. The project included provisions for fish hatcheries, with the intention of maintaining salmon runs. Project cost was estimated at $342,076,000.[4]
The proposals for a publicly built high dam became a big political issue in many Western states. Both of Oregon's senators Wayne Morse and Richard L. Neuberger proposed a public dam, but were blocked.[5] Many Western moderately pro-civil rights senators supported Southern Democrats in their efforts to water down the 1957 Civil Rights Act in return for southern support for a publicly built high dam.[6] However the Idaho Senator Frank Church who was a strong supporter of the high dam (whose maiden speech was on the subject), a protege of Lyndon Johnson and a prominent Western liberal Senator who modified the 1957 Act said that "There was never any quid pro quo at all".[7]
The high dam project was in the end not pursued.