Hele-On Bus Explained

Hele-On Bus
Company Slogan:Take The Trip!
Parent:Hawaiʻi County
Headquarters:Hilo, Hawaiʻi
Service Area:Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi
Service Type:bus service, paratransit
Routes:12
Hubs:Hilo
Fleet:55
Fuel Type:Diesel, Gasoline, Electric, Hydrogren
Ceo:Victor Kandle (Mass Transit Administrator)

Hele-On Bus is the public transport bus service provided by the County of Hawaiʻi on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, within the state of Hawaiʻi, United States. It serves a limited number of routes on limited frequency.

History

Prior to 1976, public transport in the Hilo area was provided by "sampan" buses converted locally from conventional passenger automobiles and operated as taxi or jitney services.[1] [2] [3] The first "sampan" was credited to Hilo taxi driver Fukumatsu Kusumoto, who converted a Ford in 1922 by expanding the passenger compartment and installing wooden benches.[2] [4] Most sampans retained the passenger compartment from the back of the driver's seat forward; the remainder of the body was cut away and replaced with a homebuilt open-sided bed with a canvas roof, accommodating approximately twelve passengers on longitudinal benches. In Hawaiian, sampan buses are called kaa huli aku huli mai, the 'face one another' bus, after the bench seating arrangements. A 1971 article promoting tourism to the island called them "as anachronistic and beloved as San Francisco's cable cars."[5]

In the late 1930s, sampan bus fares dropped from 15 cents to 5 cents as competition increased.[6] The Board of Supervisors of the County of Hawaiʻi created the Bus Control Committee in 1948 to regulate the sampan bus industry, and required all licensed operators to use the terminal in Moʻoheau Park starting in 1949.[7] A law was passed in 1962 to exempt sampan buses from the vehicle safety laws introduced by the 1961 Motor Carriers Act;[8] the sampan bus exemption remained until 2014, limited to a radius of centered on Hilo,[9] when it was removed via HB2351/SB2901.[10] At one point, there were more than 80 sampan buses in Hilo, but only 9 were left by 1972.[11] The Lyman House Memorial Museum offered tours of Hilo starting in 1988, aboard a restored vintage 1948 Plymouth 13-passenger sampan bus,[12] but it was sold to Hamakua Springs Country Farms proprietor Richard Ha in the early 2000s.[13]

Origins

In 1968, the County Economic Development Department began considering whether to subsidize or assume control of the aging sampan fleet, concluding it would cost an estimated $95–100,000/year to operate five routes. At that point, the average sampan bus was 20 years old, operated by drivers averaging 58 years old earning a net income of only $1 to $1.25 per hour after expenses.[14] Hawaiʻi County Councilman James Souza sponsored a bill to create a County transportation agency in 1971,[15] and the County was awarded a $31,616 federal grant that June to begin studying the area's transportation needs.[16] The Hawaii County Transit System report was published in May 1972[17] and submitted to the County Council in September of that year.[18]

The county transportation system was officially launched on November 29, 1973 with a bus that ran from Waiohinu to Hilo, after being championed by Hawaiʻi County Councilman (and eventual County Mayor) Dante Carpenter.[19] The new service was named "Hele On" after a Pidgin Hawaiian phrase meaning "to get out of here" or "to move along".[20] Olan Carpenter, wife of Dante, came up with the name. The service's first logo was a blue circle with a tire track in the center and two bare, yellow feet on either side of the track, devised by Colleen Shimazu.[21] In 1975, the Mass Transit Agency (MTA) bought out and shut down the sampan system,[22] then began providing public transportation services for the County of Hawaiʻi as the Hele-On Bus system. The County Council decided to solicit bids to operate the service as a performance-based contract, provided as a cost per bus-hour, in September 1975. The operation contract was initially awarded to Laupahoehoe Transportation Company.[23]

The first bus ran on December 15, 1975 on a 36miles roundtrip route within Hilo, serving Keaukaha (Kalanaia - Kalanianaole - Kaumana). Uniquely, there were no scheduled stops: passengers made stop requests or flagged down the bus while it was enroute, and the driver was free to choose a safe place to stop. At some of the tight intersections in the city, the bus was unable to negotiate some turns without having all other vehicles cleared, and that first trip took 2 hours and 40 minutes to complete.[24] Fares for urban routes (within Hilo and Kona) were .[25] In May 1976, Hele-On began testing bus service west from Hilo to Kona and back via Waimea, Hāpuna Beach, Puako, ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay, and Kailua; the service at that time included a single trip that ran east from Kona to Hilo and back. Round trip fare was .[26] Fares for rural routes (crossing the island) were typically higher; for example, the Kona→Hilo fare was .[25] By 1977, Hele-On was recognized as a bargain for both locals and tourists.[27] However, the farebox recovery ratio for only two routes was greater than 50%, with the systemwide ratio at 32.9%.[28] [29]

Fare hikes

The first proposed fare hike in 1981 would have increased urban fares by 30 cents and rural fares by 15 to 50 cents;[25] using the original fares established in 1975, the farebox recovery ratio had declined to 19% systemwide, and the County Council approved an increase that would double fares systemwide (for both urban and rural routes) in April 1982.[30] Due to annual operating deficits of nearly $1 million,[23] a proposal was advanced in 1985 to reduce service significantly, which was opposed by many.[31] As a compromise, MTA proposed less-severe cuts in service and additional fare hikes, which was approved by the County Council.[32] In 1986, the County Council voted to award the operating contract to PHT, Inc.[33]

Fares for the Hele-On Bus were waived in 2009 in response to the 2008 economic downturn[34] and ridership rose to more than 1 million passenger trips in one year.[35] In October 2010, Senator Daniel Inouye presented a check for $7.2 million to County Mayor Billy Kenoi and MTA Director Tom Brown, representing the award of two grants from the Federal Transit Administration. The grants would be used for purchasing new buses ($3.2 million) and building a new baseyard ($4 million) for MTA administration, bus operations, and maintenance. At the time, it was the largest transit grant ever awarded in the state.

Crisis

However, from 2014 to 2018, MTA failed to file any new federal grant applications, which would have provided funds to purchase buses at no cost to the county. By 2017, nearly half of the county-owned Hele-On Bus fleet (25 of 55 buses) was laid up requiring major repairs, leading to canceled service and a request to have buses donated from Honolulu.[36] Seven Gillig Phantom buses, originally built in 1997, arrived from Honolulu in July 2017.[37] When county-owned buses were unavailable, MTA were forced to substitute privately-owned rental buses, school buses, or vans.[38] In 2018, MTA began public meetings to discuss and finalize the Transit Master Plan then under preparation. The plan's lead author, Cheryl Soon, minced no words regarding the system's status: "Your transit system is in dire straits. … It is not in a good place. Your buses are broken down. … You're hanging by a thread," adding that short-term substitute bus rentals were "wasting money every day" and could only be solved by purchasing buses.[39]

In late 2019, only 10 or 12 county-owned buses were still operable, leading to a "meltdown" of cancellations, delays, and riders turned away from over-capacity buses in January 2020.[40] The unavailability of county-owned buses could not be completely solved with short-term rentals from private bus operators, as the rented buses often did not provide ADA-compliant access.[41] [42]

Roberts Hawaii took over the operating contract from Polynesian Adventure Tours in 2020.[43] Roberts had been awarded the contract on October 10, 2019, following the expiration of the previous contract on June 30, 2018, but a bid protest and irregularities in one of the RFP documents meant that a new round of bids was required.[44] [45] Under the prior contract with Polynesian Adventures, the contractor provided bus drivers for county-owned buses, and was paid to fill-in service using short-term bus rentals and drivers if the county was unable to supply enough buses. Because of its inadequate fleet availability, in Fiscal Year 2018, the County of Hawaiʻi paid $6.58 million to rent fill-in buses and drivers, compared to spending just $2.86 million on drivers for county-owned buses.[44]

The U.S. Department of Justice investigated MTA for violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and negotiated a settlement agreement released on August 24, 2021, in lieu of pursuing litigation against MTA. Under the settlement terms, MTA will repair "chronically inoperable" wheelchair lifts on its vehicles, and implement new training for personnel regarding their ADA obligations when serving disabled customers.[46]

Hub-and-spoke

Hele-On Bus is planning to modify its routes, shifting to a hub-and-spoke system that will have three "full" transport hubs in major cities (Hilo/Moʻoheau Bus Terminal, Kailua–Kona, Pāhoa) and multiple "satellite" hubs in smaller locations (Hilo/Prince Kūhiō Plaza, Honokaʻa, Keaʻau, Ocean View, and Waimea) by 2025; large long-haul buses will take passengers between hubs, and smaller buses will be used for multiple circulator routes within each community, connecting various destinations at their respective hubs. In March 2021, MTA announced that development was proceeding for four locations (Hilo, Kona, Pāhoa, and Waimea) and comments were being solicited on a list of 11 potential Kona hub sites.[47] [48]

Operations

Routes

Hele-On Bus serves multiple fixed routes, including Hilo-Kailua Kona (Hilo - Honokaa - Waimea, Kailua Kona, on Hawaii Route 190), Intra-Hilo routes, Intra-Kona routes (Kona - Captain Cook - Kailua Kona - Kona International Airport) and others.[49] The routes can be broadly divided into one of three categories: Connector (providing service between communities), Circulator (providing service within a community), and Commuter (providing service from residential districts to employment centers with limited stops and scheduled departures).

Most of the Connector and Commuter routes follow the Hawaiʻi Belt Road, comprising Hawaii Routes 11, 19, and 190 and running along the perimeter of the island. The routes serving the North Kohala region run along ʻAkoni Pule Highway (Hawaii Route 270), connecting with the Belt Road at Kawaihae.

The Transit Master Plan called for three new express routes: the Blue Line (which would run between Hilo and Kailua-Kona along Saddle Road (Hawaii Route 200) and Routes 19/190), the Green Line (between Honokaʻa and Kailua-Kona along Routes 19/190), and the Red Line (Hilo and Volcano along Route 11, complementing the existing line #10 Hilo – Volcano – Kaʻū). The express routes would offer limited stop service to cut the trip time.

Hele-On Bus routes[50]
No. Name Region Service Hours Trips
Connector Routes
1Hilo-Kailua Kona East3:35 AM – 1:10 PM / 6:15 AM – 4:00 PM[51] 3 OW
2Blue Line Express, Hilo-Kona East2 RT
10Hilo-Volcano-Kaʻū East5:00 AM – 4:40 PM[52] 5 RT
11Red Line Express, Hilo-Volcano East2 RT
40Hilo-Pahoa East5:15 AM – 8:40 PM[53] 11 RT
60Hilo-HonokaʻaEast3:15 AM – 7:15 PM[54] 6-12 RT
80Hilo-South Kohala Resorts East3:15 AM – 7:15 PM[55] 9 RT
90Pahala-Kailua Kona-South Kohala Resorts West3:30 AM – 8:00 AM[56] 3 RT
Circulator Routes
101Intra-Hilo Keaukaha East7:00 AM – 5:40 PM[57] 9 RT
80 min
102Intra-Hilo Kaumana East7:15 AM – 4:20 PM[58] 6 RT
103Intra-Hilo Waiakea Uka East7:05 AM – 3:20 PM[59] 5 RT
104Intra-Hilo Mohouli East6 RT
201Kona Trolly West6:30 AM – 5:30 PM[60] 6 RT
202Intra-Kona Airport via Ane Keohokalole West9 RT
203Intra-Kona Airport via Hwy 190 West9 RT
204Intra-Kona Kuakini Hwy West9 RT
301Waimea Shuttle North6:30 AM – 4:30 PM[61] 11 RT
60 min
401HI Beaches-Nanawale-Seaview East10 RT
402Paradise-Ainaloa-Orchidland East4 RT
403Fern Forest East2 RT
Commuter Routes
75North Kohala-Waimea-Kailua Kona West6:45 AM, 1:35 PM[62] 1 RT
76Green Line Express, Honokaʻa-Waimea-Kona East2 RT
Proposed Routes
Notes

Paratransit

Hele-On Bus started the Kakoʻo paratransit service on July 1, 2016, as part of a settlement for a lawsuit filed by a rider who could not be accommodated on a Hele-On fixed route bus.[63] Kakoʻo is an on-demand ride serving Kona and Hilo, limited to riders who qualify through a separate application, and requires an appointment for each trip.[41] The terms of the settlement were announced in August 2015.[64] [65]

Fares

From 2005 to 2011 and again in 2022 there was no charge to ride the Hele-On Bus. The standard fare was increased to $1 in 2011.[66] As of July 1, 2013 fares were increased to two dollars per person (five years old or older). One dollar per suitcase.[50] Beginning February 28, 2022, the bus is fare free, and there are no baggage or bicycle fees.

Hele-On Bus fares (2013-2022)
Type Regular Discount
Cash$2 $1
Monthly pass$60 $45
10-ticket sheet$15 $7.50
Notes

The Hele-On Kakoʻo paratransit is also fare free

Fleet

Buses are primarily white with colored horizontal stripes in green, blue, or gold.[67] Hele-On began receiving its first order of 15 new buses in 1975.[68] [69]

In 2015, Hele-On listed 55 vehicles in the fleet, but 18 of those were inoperable or beyond repair. By June 2018, the fleet was down to just 11 vehicles, the oldest four of which had been transferred to Hele-On Bus by TheBus (Honolulu). As an example, Bus #701, an Alexander Dennis Enviro500 was purchased in early 2010 at a cost of nearly US$900,000 and was intended to operate on the high-ridership cross-island line, but broke down after less than six months and and was not available for service again until late 2018.[70] [71] #701 broke down again after a few months and was taken out of service completely.[72] In addition, Maui donated a double-deck Enviro500 bus to Hawaiʻi in 2018; it was originally built in 2004[71] and used in Kihei Islander service starting in 2013,[73] but the Maui Enviro500 was received in non-operating condition.[72] After accepting two donated buses from Maui in 2018, the County Council voted to pause further donations, citing concerns about maintenance and disposal.[74]

One man stole buses in two separate incidents in August 2017. The first theft, which involved #342 and took place early in the morning of August 5, ended after the bus sideswiped another vehicle; the driver scheduled to operate #342 noticed it was missing, but it was not unusual for bus drivers to accidentally take a bus they were not assigned to drive. Police found the bus on August 6 while it was being driven on Hawaii Route 130 and stopped it in Pahoa, arresting the driver.[75] The second theft came approximately three weeks after the first; the man had been placed under supervised release following the first theft.[76] The same man apparently cut open the gate to the baseyard during the night of August 27–28, and after stealing another bus (#611),[77] was spotted by police in Hilo at 6:24 a.m., and taken into custody at 6:45 a.m. at the Kawamoto Swim Stadium.[78]

All four county mayors have signed a pledge to convert their transit bus fleets to renewable power by 2035.[79] A battery electric bus was received by Hele-On in early 2018, but was parked and not used until summer 2019 due to insurance and license issues.[80] In 2020, Hele-On Bus announced three hydrogen-powered buses had been donated: one was from the University of Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, a 2014 ElDorado National 29-passenger Aero Elite that had been converted from diesel to run on hydrogen fuel cells,[81] and the other two were shuttle buses donated by Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. All three were on Oahu pending funds to ship them to Hawaiʻi, and would be used for Circulator service within Kailua-Kona.[79] Hydrogen is being produced at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority.[82]

MTA was awarded a federal grant in 2019 to purchase 10 new 40feet buses and planned to also expand coverage with new routes.[83] Four new 25-passenger buses were delivered in 2020 (although capacity was reduced to just 7 passengers to comply with social distancing requirements resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic), and MTA won a grant to purchase 10 more 40feetor45feetft (orft) buses that year.[84] Honolulu donated another 10 "hillclimber" 30feet Gillig Phantom buses built in 1998 to Hele-On Bus in late 2020.[85]

Hele-On Bus fleet[86]
Year Make / Model No.
(Qty)
Image Seats Notes
1995 667, 669
(2)
45Header signs non operational as of 2017.
1997 341–347
(7)
Transferred from TheBus.
2000 402
(1)
46Suburban model.
2005 406, 408
(2)
2006 ElDorado National Aero Elite
(Chevrolet Kodiak-based cutaway)
501–504
(4)
26
2007 409–413
(5)
45
2008 ElDorado National AeroTech
(Chevrolet Express-based cutaway)
101, 102, 104
(3)
15
2010 ElDorado National Aero Elite
(International TC-based cutaway)
305, 309, 312, 313
(4)
125px34
2010 701
(1)
88First double-decker bus in the state.[87] Inaugural trip circling island took place on May 20, 2011 to gather food bank donations.[88] Abandoned as of 2017 with transmission issues.
2010 601, 602, 604, 605
(4)
125px50Purchased using federal grant for $3.2 million.[89] Initial order was for seven, delivered in 2010.[90]
2013 608
(1)
49
2014 801–803
(3)
42
2014 610–611
(2)
49
2015 612–613
(2)

Facilities

Moʻoheau Park in Hilo has been used as a transfer point since the days of the "sampan" private buses, and serves as the primary transfer point for the Hele-On Bus system.[86] The Moʻoheau Bus Terminal was renovated in 2012.[92] Other towns projected to require transit hubs in the future include Kona and Pāhoa. A new Kona hub could be near Old Kona Airport Park.[93]

The contract to construct a new bus baseyard in Hilo, serving as the system maintenance facility, was awarded in 2015; the new baseyard would occupy a 5acres site at 2299 Hoʻolaulima Road,[94] near a quarry.[95] The new baseyard opened in 2018, replacing a site on East Lanikaula Street and Railroad Avenue shared with County Public Works.[70] [96] In addition to Hilo, buses also are stored in Kailua-Kona and Kaʻū to accommodate early-morning service into Hilo. A second base/maintenance facility is recommended to service routes on the north and west sides of the island, potentially near the police department on Hale Mākaʻi off Highway 19.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. 20712530 . Fifty Years of Jitneys: The Sampans of Hilo . Cauley, Jon. Martin T. Farris . Farris, Martin T. . Summer 1979 . 18 . 4 . 36–45 . Transportation Journal.
  2. News: Sampans will remain a part of downtown Hilo . Gillingham, Paula . September 8, 1996 . Pacific Business News . 22 January 2021.
  3. Web site: Hilo sampans then and now . Ha, Richard . October 22, 2010 . Hamakua Springs . Ha Ha Ha! [blog] . 22 January 2021.
  4. News: 1950 Chevrolet Hilo Sampan . Zieke, Paul . AAA . 22 January 2021.
  5. News: Snow bunnies flock to the Big Island . September 12, 1971 . The Boston Globe . 26 January 2021.
  6. Interview with Tokusuke Oshiro . Oshiro Tokusuke . Kodama Michiko . 1980 . University of Hawaii, Manoa . 27 January 2021 . Until 1938 we lived in Waiakea Homestead. For a while I worked as a sampan bus driver. The fare was 15 cents for commuting to Hilo; but because there were many buses and there was a lot of competition, we charged 10 cents or so in secret. That, however, did not work too well. I had something like a contract to give children rides to and from school. The fare was $2.50 or $3.00 a month per child. After five or six years, times became harder and fewer jobs were available. Portuguese men started to become bus drivers and they only charged 5 cents a ride. I thought that there was no future in the job and decided to join the Waiakea Plantation..
  7. 44 . Haw. . 312 . Godoy Etc. v. Hawaii County . 1960 . . https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2611218/godoy-etc-v-hawaii-county/. (also 354 P.2d 78)
  8. News: Safety Exemption Bill Signed . May 16, 1962 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  9. Web site: Hawaii Revised Statutes, §286–207 Exemptions, certain vehicles . 2014 . State of Hawaiʻi . 26 January 2021.
  10. Web site: SB2901 SD1 HD1 CD1 . June 26, 2014 . Hawaii State Legislature . 27 January 2021.
  11. News: Hilo's ancient sampan gets new lease on life . June 11, 1972 . Honolulu Star-Bulletin . 26 January 2021.
  12. News: Hawaii's Gentle Throwback . Reinhold, Robert . December 27, 1992 . The New York Times . 26 January 2021.
  13. Web site: This Old Car . Ha, Richard . March 9, 2007 . Ha Ha Ha! [blog] . Hamakua Springs . 26 January 2021.
  14. News: Hilo sampan buses face cost squeeze . June 13, 1968 . Honolulu Star-Bulletin . 26 January 2021.
  15. News: Council Okays Souza Bill Calling For County Transportation Group . February 12, 1971 . Hawaii Tribune-Herald . 26 January 2021.
  16. News: Transportation Department Approves $31,616 Grant For Hawaii County . Kennedy, Bill . June 1, 1971 . Hawaii Tribune-Herald . 26 January 2021.
  17. Hawaii County Transit System, Project No. HI-09-0004 . Alan M. Voorhees & Associates, Inc. . May 1972 . County of Hawaiʻi.
  18. Web site: Recommendations of the Planning, Economic Development and Legislative Committee . September 7, 1972 . Councilmen, County of Hawaii . 27 January 2021.
  19. News: New mayor plans get-tough approach on Big Island . Clark, Hugh . December 2, 1984 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 22 January 2021.
  20. Web site: 20 Easy Ways to Speak Mo' Bettah Pidgin Today . Severson, Anna . July 15, 2016 . Hawaii Life [blog] . 22 January 2021.
  21. News: Big Isle's 'Hele On' off and running . November 30, 1973 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 22 January 2021.
  22. News: Shades of the past: Hilo has a sampan bus again . Clark, Hugh . July 10, 1988 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 22 January 2021.
  23. News: Moment of truth nears for Hele-On bus experiment . Clark, Hugh . May 4, 1984 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 22 January 2021.
  24. News: Response slow to transit start . Clark, Hugh . December 16, 1975 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  25. News: 55-cent Big Isle bus fare urged . Clark, Hugh . August 7, 1981 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  26. News: Hilo-Kona bus scheduled . May 1976 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  27. News: The Hele-On: Movin' out in Hawaii . May 1, 1977 . Connelly, Dolly . San Francisco Examiner . 22 January 2021.
  28. News: Big Isle bus business roars ahead again . July 1, 1976 . Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  29. News: November ridership boomed . January 20, 1978 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  30. News: Council gives okay to higher bus fares . February 4, 1982 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  31. News: Proposal to cut back Big Island bus service running into opposition . Clark, Hugh . October 23, 1985 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 22 January 2021.
  32. News: Bus system will hele-on awhile longer . November 13, 1985 . The Honolulu Advertiser . 26 January 2021.
  33. News: Council OKs CIP Projects; new transit firm to take over Hele-On buses soon . Reed, Chris . December 4, 1986 . Hawaii Tribune-Herald . 22 January 2021.
  34. News: Mayor proposes extension of free, county-wide bus service . October 26, 2009 . Hawaii 24/7 . 25 January 2021.
  35. News: County transit network tops 1 million passenger trips . July 23, 2009 . Hawaii 24/7 . 25 January 2021.
  36. News: Bus woes escalate: Almost half the Hele-On bus fleet broken down . Lauer, Nancy Cook . April 23, 2017 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  37. News: Honolulu buses to the rescue: Beleaguered Hele-On system gets reinforcements . Lauer, Nancy Cook . July 6, 2017 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  38. News: Taking the bus: Cost an issue as Hele-On management strives to improve . Lauer, Nancy Cook . July 23, 2017 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  39. News: Consultant: Hele-On needs buses, personnel, money . Lauer, Nancy Cook . January 24, 2018 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  40. News: Hele-On bus system 'meltdown' leaves schoolchildren, working poor stranded . Lauer, Nancy Cook . January 19, 2020 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  41. News: Lauer, Nancy Cook . February 11, 2019 . Mass Transit administrator touts progress to County Council . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  42. News: Routes canceled as Hele-On bus shortage intensifies . Lauer, Nancy Cook . January 7, 2020 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  43. News: On a roll: Roberts takes over Hele-On contract . Lauer, Nancy Cook . May 10, 2020 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  44. News: Bid protest stalls bus contract . Lauer, Nancy Cook . October 31, 2019 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  45. News: More delays for Hele-On contract . Lauer, Nancy Cook . November 22, 2019 . West Hawaii Today . 22 January 2021.
  46. News: Honore. Marcel. Investigation Uncovers Numerous ADA Violations In Hawaii Island’s Transit Service. August 24, 2021. Honolulu Civil Beat. 25 August 2021.
  47. News: Hele-On hub coming to Kona . Lauer, Nancy Cook . March 19, 2021 . West Hawaii Today . 12 April 2021.
  48. Hub and Spoke for Kona . March 2021 . Mass Transit Agency of Hawaiʻi County . 12 April 2021.
  49. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  50. Transit Master Plan, Task 4: Existing Conditions . SSFM International, Inc. . Weslin Consulting Services, Inc. . April 2017 . County of Hawaiʻi . 21 January 2021.
  51. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Kona-Hilo . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  52. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Ka'u-Volcano-Hilo . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  53. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: (Kalapana)Seaview-Pahoa-Hilo . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  54. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Honokaʻa-Hilo . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  55. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Hilo-South Kohala Resorts . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  56. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Pahala-Kona-South Kohala . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  57. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Intra Hilo - Keaukaha . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  58. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Intra Hilo - Kaumana . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  59. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Intra Hilo - Waiakea Uka . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  60. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Intra Kona . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  61. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: Waimea Shuttle . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  62. Web site: Bus Schedules & Maps: North Kohala-Waimea-Kailua Kona . Hele-On Bus . 21 January 2021.
  63. News: Riders praise new paratransit system, gripe about price . Lauer, Nancy Cook . August 19, 2016 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  64. News: County to settle ADA lawsuit over Hele-On bus service . Lauer, Nancy Cook . July 1, 2015 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  65. News: County promises, pays to settle ADA lawsuit . Lauer, Nancy Cook . August 26, 2015 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  66. News: Cost of Riding Hele-On Bus Going Up Monday . Smith, Dave . June 27, 2013 . Big Island Now . 25 January 2021.
  67. Web site: Hele-On Fleet . Hawaiʻi County Mass Transit Agency . 22 January 2021.
  68. News: Bids Cleared for Big Isle Bus Contract . September 11, 1975 . Honolulu Star-Bulletin . 25 January 2021.
  69. News: Big Isle transit system still without organization . July 3, 1975 . Honolulu Advertiser . 25 January 2021.
  70. News: The wheels come off: Chaos at Mass Transit baseyard reflects turmoil in agency . Lauer, Nancy Cook . May 1, 2017 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  71. News: Double-decker buses to hit the road . Lauer, Nancy Cook . September 23, 2018 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  72. News: Mass Transit recovery ongoing . Lauer, Nancy Cook . November 26, 2018 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  73. News: Maui County's first double-decker bus dedicated . March 12, 2013 . Hawaii Ahe . 26 January 2021.
  74. News: Council appreciates bus donations, but wants no more . Lauer, Nancy Cook . October 5, 2018 . West Hawaii Today . 26 January 2021.
  75. News: Man charged after Hawaii County bus stolen, involved in crash . August 6, 2017 . KHON-2 News . 25 January 2021.
  76. News: Serial bus thief sentenced to 5 years in prison . Burnett, John . Hawaii Tribune-Herald . July 26, 2018 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
  77. News: County getting its 'security act together' after second bus stolen . August 30, 2017 . Hawaii Tribune-Herald . 25 January 2021.
  78. 08-30-17 Hilo man charged with second bus theft: Kawelo Nakamura (update) . August 30, 2017 . Hawaiʻi Police Department . 25 January 2021.
  79. Web site: Report of the Committee on Finance . September 15, 2020 . County of Hawaiʻi . 27 January 2021.
  80. News: Electric bus demonstrates inertia . Lauer, Nancy Cook . July 27, 2019 . West Hawaii Today . 25 January 2021.
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