| Heinz-Horst Hißbach | |
| Birth Date: | 30 January 1916 |
| Birth Place: | Dessau |
| Death Place: | Gelnhausen |
| Serviceyears: | ?–1945 |
| Rank: | Hauptmann (captain) |
| Commands: | II./NJG 2 |
| Unit: | KG 40, NJG 2 |
| Battles: | World War II |
| Awards: | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
Heinz-Horst Hißbach[1] (30 January 1916 – 14 April 1945) was a Luftwaffe night fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Heinz-Horst Hißbach claimed 27 aerial victories, 22 of them at night.[2]
Hißbach was born on 30 January 1916 in Dessau.
Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign. By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.
On 1 November 1944, Hißbach succeeded Major Paul Semrau as Gruppenkommandeur of II. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing).
In the night of 14/15 April 1945, Hißbach and his crew of Hubert Varzecha and Max Mayer were killed in action when they were shot down by anti-aircraft artillery. The three were strafing a US resupply column, destroying eight vehicles, in the area of Gelnhausen when their aircraft was hit and exploded. Posthumously, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) that day.
According Spick, Hißbach was credited with 34 nocturnal aerial victories, claimed in approximately 200 combat missions. Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 30 victory claims. Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, stating that Hißbach claimed more than 29 aerial victories, plus two further unconfirmed claims.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ DF-DG". The Luftwaffe grid map (German: Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360sqmi. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3x in size.
| Chronicle of aerial victories | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Serial No./Squadron No. | |
| – I. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 – | ||||||
| 1? | 25/26 July 1942 | Wellington | southwest of Crete | Wellington HF944/No. 108 Squadron RAF | ||
| – 14. Staffel of Kampfgeschwader 40 – | ||||||
| 1? | 30 November 1942 | 14:05 | Whitley | |||
| – 5. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 – | ||||||
| ? | 14 October 1943 | B-17 | ||||
| 2 | 21 January 1944 | 22:52? | Lancaster | |||
| 3 | 21 January 1944 | 23:00 | Lancaster | |||
| 4 | 29 January 1944 | 03:20 | Lancaster | |||
| 5 | 29 January 1944 | 03:35 | Lancaster | |||
| 6 | 21 February 1944 | 04:09 | four-engined bomber | Stuttgart | ||
| 7 | 25 February 1944 | 21:51 | four-engined bomber | vicinity of Schönbach | ||
| 8 | 15 March 1944 | 23:26 | four-engined bomber | 70km (40miles) south of Stuttgart | ||
| 9 | 24 March 1944 | 22:22 | four-engined bomber | 20- from of Kassel | ||
| 10 | 24 March 1944 | 22:50 | four-engined bomber | 20- from of Berlin | ||
| 11 | 31 March 1944 | 00:49? | four-engined bomber | vicinity of Rheine | ||
| 12? | 31 March 1944 | 00:50 | four-engined bomber | southwest of Buer | ||
| 13 | 31 March 1944 | 00:50 | four-engined bomber | southwest of the Thuringian Forest | ||
| 14 | 28 April 1944 | 03:06 | Halifax | Saint-Dizier | ||
| 15 | 23 May 1944 | 01:18 | Lancaster | east of Uden | ||
| 16 | 10 June 1944 | 00:38 | Lancaster | vicinity of Étrépagny | ||
| 17 | 25 June 1944 | 00:38 | Lancaster | north of Abbeville | ||
| 18 | 1 July 1944 | 01:25 | Lancaster | Blois-Vendôme | ||
| 19 | 1 July 1944 | 01:38 | Lancaster | 30km (20miles) northwest of Châteaudun | ||
| 20 | 5 July 1944 | 01:55 | Lancaster | south of Abbeville | ||
| 21 | 8 July 1944 | 01:45 | Lancaster | Dieppe | ||
| 22 | 19 July 1944 | 01:12 | four-engined bomber | Jouarre | ||
| 23 | 19 July 1944 | 01:58 | four-engined bomber | Épernay | ||
| 24 | 29 July 1944 | 00:46 | four-engined bomber | PQ DF-DG vicinity of Montargis-Sens | ||
| 25 | 29 July 1944 | 01:23 | four-engined bomber | Chaumont | Lancaster PB245/No. 619 Squadron RAF | |
| 26 | 29 July 1944 | 01:58 | four-engined bomber | 40km (30miles) west of Stuttgart | ||
| 27 | 26 August 1944 | 01:24 | four-engined bomber | Darmstadt | ||
| 28 | 19 September 1944 | 23:05 | Lancaster | west-northwest of Mönchengladbach | ||
| – II. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 – | ||||||
| 29 | 3/4 March 1945 | four-engined bomber | over England | |||
| 30 | 3/4 March 1945 | four-engined bomber | over England | |||
sv:Christer Bergström
. Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat . Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website . 10 September 2021 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20181222042030/http://www.bergstrombooks.elknet.pl/bc-rs/planquadrat.htm . 22 December 2018 . dead.de:Walther-Peer Fellgiebel
. 2000 . 1986 . Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile . The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches . de . Friedberg, Germany . Podzun-Pallas . 978-3-7909-0284-6.