| Heiðin há | |
| Elevation M: | 626 |
| Elevation Ref: | (Björn Hróarsson: Hellahandbókin. Leiðsögn um 77 íslenska hraunhella. Reykjavík 2008, p. 103) |
| Translation: | High Moorland |
| Language: | Icelandic |
| Location: | Iceland |
| Map: | Iceland |
| Relief: | 1 |
| Map Size: | 200 |
| Label Position: | right |
| Coordinates: | 63.9333°N -21.65°W |
| Coordinates Ref: | http://www.getamap.net/maps/iceland/(ic03)/_heidhinha/ |
| Type: | Shield volcano |
| Last Eruption: | Holocene |
Heiðin há (in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈheiːðɪn ˈhauː/) is a shield volcano up on Hellisheiði at about 35 km to the south of Reykjavík in Iceland. The mountain has a height of 626 m.[1]
The volcano dates from the Mid-Holocene, is - following B. Hróarsson - about 6,000 years old, slightly younger than the Selvogsheiði, another shield volcano on Reykjanes peninsula,[1] whereas Sinton defines its age as “finiglacial”, i.e., from the beginning of Holocene.[2]
It covers about 160km2, and its volume is about 10km3.[1] The volcano is part of the Brennisteinsfjöll volcanic system.
The top crater is located south of Bláfjöll. It has a diameter of ca. 400m, but is mostly filled by lava up to the rim.[1]
The lava flows from Heiðin há went in all directions on Hellisheiði: They covered the highland up to the Bláfjöll and up to the tuya Geitafell in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈceiːtaˌfɛtl̥/ in eastern direction, and enclosed the older shield volcano Selvogsheiði in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈsɛlˌvɔksˌheiːðɪ/ as well as the mountain Urðarfell in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈʏrðarˌfɛtl̥/.[1]
Some lava tubes were discovered in the lava of Heiðin há. Speleologists esp. describe Kuluhattshellar in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈkʰʏːlʏˌhahtsˌhɛtlar̥/ ("Bowler Hat Caves") and Fosshellir in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈfɔsːˌhɛtlɪr̥/.[3] The first lava tube is rather eroded, but shows anyway some fine lava stalactites, whereas the second one prides a lava fall as the name says (= "Water/Lava fall cave").[3]
The slopes of the shield volcano are cut by small canyons, including Strandagjá in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈstrantaˌcauː/, Hrossagjá in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈr̥ɔsːaˌcauː/, Réttargjá in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈrjɛhtarˌcauː/ and Götugjá in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈkœːtʏˌcauː/.[1]
The trail leads from the farms near the Selvogur bay (Árnessýsla) on the south coast of Reykjanes up to Hafnarfjörður in the vicinity of Reykjavík. In such, it traverses the Reykjanes peninsula from south to north at a length of about 25 km.[4]
This old trail, Selvogsgata, traverses a big part of the slopes of the shield volcano Heiðin há.
It was used by people on foot or on horseback traveling to the market place in Hafnarfjörður. As such the trail was used until around 1930 with pack horses, and on foot until around 1960. Around 1939, the farms in the Selvogur area had a road installed that they could use for the whole year round. Last were sheep brought over Selvogsgata to Hafnarfjörður in the end of the 1940s at the beginning of winter. It took the farmers about 14 hours to get with their herd from Selvogur to the market town, with snowfall parts of the way.
The trail begins near Strandarkirkja, a church on the southern coast of Reykjanes west of Þorlákshöfn.[5]
The church Strandarkirkja is made of timber, was constructed around the turn of the 19th century and renovated in the 1960s. It is said that seamen in distress built the church after their rescue in fulfilling a vow. Though this is a Lutheran church, pilgrimages are organized still today, and votiv offerings can be seen in the church.[6]
The trail is not marked, but discernable except in the winter. After about 1 km up the hill slope, one reaches the area of Heiðin há. Here, the trail lies over Katlahraun in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈkʰahtlaˌr̥œyːn/ lava field, one of the lava flows produced by the shield volcano. This lava reaches into the valley Hlíðardalur in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈl̥iːðarˌtaːlʏr̥/ and from there up on Hvalskarð in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈkʰvalˌskarθ/. Some moorland is here to be found where in former times the people from Selvogur took the turf for fire making and the construction of their Icelandic turf houses.[5]
The small pass Hvalskarð is also feasible on horseback. From some heights in the vicinity, Iceland's south coast is visible. According to a fólktale, a troll woman from up here had stolen a whale carcass from the beach down in Selvogur. But the farmer who was the proprietor of the beach, and therefore of the whale, followed her and got her at Hvalskarð (hence the name: Whale pass).[5]
After the pass, the trail continues to Kóngsfell in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈkʰouŋsˌfɛtl̥/, from there to Grindarskörð in Icelandic pronounced as /ˈkrɪntarˌskœrθ/, and then down in the direction of the lava fields between the Brennisteinsfjöll and Hafnarfjörður, where it is possible to choose between some other trails.[5]
Today the trail crosses Route 417 at the foot of Grindarskörð.
This trail is today a popular hiking trail.[1] and leads just from/up to a parking lot at Route 417 near Grindarskörð.[7]