Hedycarya angustifolia explained

Hedycarya angustifolia, commonly known as native mulberry, Australian mulberry,[1] or djelwuck[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic or egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in branched clusters of 5 to 16 and have 8 tepals and about 50 stamens and female flowers have about 12 tepals and 40 to 50 carpels. The fruit is a more or less spherical, tightly clustered yellow or orange drupes.

Description

Hedycarya angustifolia is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of . Its leaves are elliptic or egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The leaves are coarsely toothed and the midvein is prominent on both surfaces. Male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in clusters of 5 to 16, long, each flower more or less flattened cup-shaped, about in diameter on a pedicel long with 8 tepals and about 50 stamens. Female flowers are borne in groups of 2 to 4, more or less cup-shaped, each flower on a pedicel long with 12 small tepals and mostly about in diameter on a pedicel long, with 40–50 carpels. Flowering occurs from May to November, and the fruit is a spherical drupe in tight clusters that turns yellow or orange, about in diameter.[3] [4]

Taxonomy

Hedycarya angustifolia was first formally described in 1838 by Allan Cunningham in the Annals of Natural History from specimens collected "in ravines in the Blue Mountains" in 1834 by his brother Richard.[5] [6] The specific epithet (angustifolia) means "narrow-leaved".[7]

Distribution and habitat

Native mulberry grows in and near the margins of rainforest, often in moist mountain gullies, and is widespread from south-east Queensland, through eastern New South Wales and eastern and southern Victoria to King Island in Tasmania.

Conservation status

Hedycarya angustifolia is listed as "rare", under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.

Uses

Indigenous Australians used the wood for spear tips and to make bow drills.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Wiffin . Trevor P. . Foreman . Donald B. . Hedycarya angustifolia . Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra . 28 May 2024.
  2. Web site: Foreman . Donald B. . Hedycarya angustifolia . Royal Botanic Garden Victoria . 28 May 2024.
  3. Web site: Harden . Gwen J. . Hedycarya angustifolia . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . 28 May 2024.
  4. Web site: Hedycarya angustifolia - Threatened Species Link . Tasmanian Government, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania . 28 May 2024.
  5. Web site: Hedycarya angustifolia. APNI. 28 May 2024.
  6. Cunningham . Allan . Florae insularum Novae Zelandiae precursor. y . Annals of Natural History . 1838 . 1 . 215 . 28 May 2024.
  7. Book: Stearn . William T. . Botanical Latin - History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocaulary . 1992 . Timber Press . Portland, Oregon . 368 . 4th.
  8. Web site: Aboriginal Plant use and Technology . 11 November 2016. Australian National Botanic Garden.