Hebrews 1 is the first chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" causes a traditional attribution to Paul, but this attribution has been disputed since the second century and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship. This chapter contains the introduction ('exordium') about God's final revelation ('word') through his son and how the son is superior to angels.
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 14 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Greek are:
The Epistle to the Hebrews attests that God spoke decisively to Israel through the prophets and that he finally and fully revealed his character and will by his son, with the greatness and absolute superiority over the angels, the supernatural beings considered by Israel to be closest to God.
God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds;[2] While the Old Testament revelation in time past came at many times throughout the history of Israel and in various ways such as 'dreams, visions and angelic messages', the ultimate revelation in these last days of human history came through Jesus Christ as the Son of God, who was with God from the beginning[3] and through whom God made the universe (basically 'the whole universe of space and time'; cf.); the Son is also appointed as the heir of all things (cf. 2:7-8 KJV) to possess and rule over 'all that was created through him'.[4]
who being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins, sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become so much better than the angels, as He has by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.[5]
The reference to the heavenly enthronement of the Son in the previous part is followed by the explanation of his position to the angel world, using Psalm 110:1 as the framework to understand various other Old Testament texts.
For to which of the angels did He ever say:
"You are My Son,
Today I have begotten You"?
And again:
"I will be to Him a Father,
And He shall be to Me a Son"?[6] 2:7 KJV is cited because of the prophecy pertaining to the Messiah as Son of David, whereas 7:14 KJV is quoted as the theological basis from God's special promise to David and his dynasty. Psalm 2:7 is also quoted in and used for exposition in .
And again, when He brings the firstborn into the world, He says:
"Let all the angels of God worship Him."[7] Citing 97:7 KJV.[8]
And of the angels He says:
"Who makes His angels spirits
And His ministers a flame of fire."[9] Citing 104:4 KJV.[10]
But to the Son He says:
"Your throne, O God, lasts forever and ever;
a scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.
You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness;
therefore God, Your God, has anointed You
with the oil of gladness more than Your companions.[11]
And,
"You, Lord, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning,
and the heavens are the works of Your hands.
They will perish, but You remain;
and they all will wear out like a garment;
as a cloak You will fold them up,
and they will be changed.
But You are the same,
and Your years will not end."[14]
But to which of the angels has He ever said:
"Sit at My right hand,
Till I make Your enemies Your footstool"?[15] The cited words from 110:1 KJV were quoted by Jesus (22:44 KJV) and applied to Messiah, which must be greater than angels,[16] because 'the angels do not exercise the authority and rule of the Son'.
The King James Version of verses 5–6 from this chapter is cited as texts in the English-language oratorio "Messiah" by George Frideric Handel (HWV 56).[17]