Hearst Communications Explained

Hearst Communications, Inc.
Former Name:Hearst Corporation (1887–2016)
Type:Private
Founder:William Randolph Hearst
Area Served:Worldwide
Industry:Media
Products:Books
Magazines
Newspapers
Publications
Television
Revenue:US$11.9 billion
Revenue Year:2022
Owner:Hearst family
Num Employees:20,000
Num Employees Year:2016
Founded:
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Hq Location:Hearst Tower
300 W. 57th Street
New York, NY 10019
U.S.
Footnotes:[1] [2]

Hearst Communications, Inc. (often referred to simply as Hearst and formerly known as Hearst Corporation) is an American multinational mass media and business information conglomerate based in Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[3]

Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, television channels, and television stations, including the San Francisco Chronicle, the Houston Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire. It owns 50% of the A&E Networks cable network group and 20% of the sports cable network group ESPN, both in partnership with The Walt Disney Company.[4]

The conglomerate also owns several business-information companies, including Fitch Ratings and First Databank.[5]

The company was founded by William Randolph Hearst, a newspaper owner most well known for use of yellow journalism. The Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management.[6]

History

Formative years

In 1880, George Hearst, mining entrepreneur and U.S. senator, bought the San Francisco Daily Examiner.[7] In 1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, William Randolph Hearst, who that year founded the Hearst Corporation. The younger Hearst eventually built readership for Hearst-owned newspapers and magazines from 15,000 to over 20 million.[8] Hearst began to purchase and launched other newspapers, including the New York Journal in 1895[9] and the Los Angeles Examiner in 1903.

In 1903, Hearst created Motor magazine, the first title in his company's magazine division. He acquired Cosmopolitan in 1905, and Good Housekeeping in 1911.[10] [11] The company entered the book publishing business in 1913 with the formation of Hearst's International Library.[12] [13] Hearst began producing film features in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios: the International Film Service, turning characters from Hearst newspaper strips into film characters.[14]

Hearst bought the Atlanta Georgian in 1912,[15] the San Francisco Call and the San Francisco Post in 1913, the Boston Advertiser and the Washington Times (unrelated to the present-day paper) in 1917, and the Chicago Herald in 1918 (resulting in the Herald-Examiner).[16]

In 1919, Hearst's book publishing division was renamed Cosmopolitan Book.

Peak era

In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, which included a number of magazines and newspapers in major cities. Hearst also began acquiring radio stations to complement his papers.[17] Hearst saw financial challenges in the early 1920s, when he was using company funds to build Hearst Castle in San Simeon and support movie production at Cosmopolitan Productions. This eventually led to the merger of the magazine Hearst International with Cosmopolitan in 1925.[18]

Despite some financial troubles, Hearst began extending its reach in 1921, purchasing the Detroit Times, The Boston Record, and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer.[19] Hearst then added the Los Angeles Herald and Washington Herald, as well as the Oakland Post-Enquirer, the Syracuse Telegram and the Rochester Journal-American in 1922. He continued his buying spree into the mid-1920s, purchasing the Baltimore News (1923), the San Antonio Light (1924), the Albany Times Union (1924), and The Milwaukee Sentinel (1924). In 1924, Hearst entered the tabloid market in New York City with New York Daily Mirror, meant to compete with the New York Daily News.[20]

In addition to print and radio, Hearst established Cosmopolitan Pictures in the early 1920s, distributing his films under the newly created Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[21] In 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels.[22]

Retrenching after the Great Depression

The Great Depression hurt Hearst and his publications. Cosmopolitan Book was sold to Farrar & Rinehart in 1931. After two years of leasing them to Eleanor "Cissy" Patterson (of the McCormick-Patterson family that owned the Chicago Tribune), Hearst sold her The Washington Times and Herald in 1939; she merged them to form the Washington Times-Herald. That year he also bought the Milwaukee Sentinel from Paul Block (who bought it from the Pfisters in 1929), absorbing his afternoon Wisconsin News into the morning publication. Also in 1939, he sold the Atlanta Georgian to Cox Newspapers, which merged it with the Atlanta Journal.

Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany, the Nazis received positive press coverage by Hearst presses and paid ten times the standard subscription rate for the INS wire service belonging to Hearst.[23] William Randolph Hearst personally instructed his reporters in Germany to only give positive coverage to Hitler and the Nazis, and fired journalists who refused to write stories favourable of German fascism. During this time, high ranking Nazis were given space to write articles in Hearst press newspapers, including Hermann Göring and Alfred Rosenberg.

Hearst, with his chain now owned by his creditors after a 1937 liquidation,[24] also had to merge some of his morning papers into his afternoon papers. In Chicago, he combined the morning Herald-Examiner and the afternoon American into the Herald-American in 1939. This followed the 1937 combination of the New York Evening Journal and the morning American into the New York Journal-American, the sale of the Omaha Daily Bee to the World-Herald.

Afternoon papers were a profitable business in pre-television days, often outselling their morning counterparts featuring stock market information in early editions, while later editions were heavy on sporting news with results of baseball games and horse races. Afternoon papers also benefited from continuous reports from the battlefront during World War II. After the war, however, both television news and suburbs experienced explosive growth; thus, evening papers were more affected than those published in the morning, whose circulation remained stable while their afternoon counterparts' sales plummeted.

In 1947, Hearst produced an early television newscast for the DuMont Television Network: I.N.S. Telenews, and in 1948 he became the owner of one of the first television stations in the country, WBAL-TV in Baltimore.

The earnings of Hearst's three morning papers, the San Francisco Examiner, the Los Angeles Examiner, and The Milwaukee Sentinel, supported the company's money-losing afternoon publications such as the Los Angeles Herald-Express, the New York Journal-American, and the Chicago American. The company sold the latter paper in 1956 to the Chicago Tribunes owners, who changed it to the tabloid-size Chicago Today in 1969 and ceased publication in 1974. In 1960, Hearst also sold the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the Detroit Times to The Detroit News. After a lengthy strike it sold the Milwaukee Sentinel to the afternoon Milwaukee Journal in 1962. The same year Hearst's Los Angeles papers – the morning Examiner and the afternoon Herald-Express – merged to become the evening Los Angeles Herald-Examiner. The 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike left the city with no papers for over three months, with the Journal-American one of the earliest strike targets of the Typographical Union. The Boston Record and the Evening American merged in 1961 as the Record-American and in 1964, the Baltimore News-Post became the Baltimore News-American.

In 1953, Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine, which it published until 1999 when it sold the journal to Robert E. Petersen. In 1958, Hearst's International News Service merged with E.W. Scripps' United Press, forming United Press International as a response to the growth of the Associated Press and Reuters. The following year Scripps-Howard's San Francisco News merged with Hearst's afternoon San Francisco Call-Bulletin. Also in 1959, Hearst acquired the paperback book publisher Avon Books.[25]

In 1965, the Hearst Corporation began pursuing joint operating agreements (JOAs). It reached the first agreement with the DeYoung family, proprietors of the afternoon San Francisco Chronicle, which began to produce a joint Sunday edition with the Examiner. In turn, the Examiner became an evening publication, absorbing the News-Call-Bulletin. The following year, the Journal-American reached another JOA with another two landmark New York City papers: the New York Herald Tribune and Scripps-Howard's World-Telegram and Sun to form the New York World Journal Tribune (recalling the names of the city's mid-market dailies), which collapsed after only a few months.

The 1962 merger of the Herald-Express and Examiner in Los Angeles led to the termination of many journalists who began to stage a 10-year strike in 1967. The effects of the strike accelerated the pace of the company's demise, with the Herald Examiner ceasing publication November 2, 1989.[26]

Newspaper shifts

Hearst moved into hardcover publishing by acquiring Arbor House in 1978 and William Morrow and Company in 1981.[27] [28]

In 1982, the company sold the Boston Herald American — the result of the 1972 merger of Hearst's Record-American & Advertiser with the Herald-Traveler — to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation,[29] which renamed the paper as The Boston Herald,[30] competing to this day with The Boston Globe.

In 1986, Hearst bought the Houston Chronicle and that same year closed the 213-year-old Baltimore News-American after a failed attempt to reach a JOA with A.S. Abell Company, the family who published The Baltimore Sun since its founding in 1837. Abell sold the paper several days later to the Times-Mirror syndicate of the Chandlers' Los Angeles Times, also competitor to the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, which folded in 1989. In 1990, both King Features Entertainment and King Phoenix Entertainment were rebranded under the collective Hearst Entertainment umbrella. King Features Entertainment was renamed to Hearst Entertainment Distribution, while King Phoenix Entertainment was renamed to Hearst Entertainment Productions.[31]

In 1993, Hearst closed the San Antonio Light after it purchased the rival San Antonio Express-News from Murdoch.[32]

On November 8, 1990, Hearst Corporation acquired the remaining 20% stake of ESPN, Inc. from RJR Nabisco for a price estimated between $165 million and $175 million.[33] The other 80% has been owned by The Walt Disney Company since 1996. Over the last 25 years, the ESPN investment is said to have accounted for at least 50% of total Hearst Corp profits and is worth at least $13 billion.[34]

On July 31, 1996, Hearst and the Cisneros Group of Companies of Venezuela announced its plans to launch Locomotion, a Latin American animation cable television channel.[35] [36] [37]

On March 27, 1997, Hearst Broadcasting announced that it would merge with Argyle Television Holdings II for $525 million, the merger was completed in August to form Hearst-Argyle Television (later renamed as Hearst Television in 2009).[38]

In 1999, Hearst sold its Avon and Morrow book publishing activities to HarperCollins.[39]

In 2000, the Hearst Corp. pulled another "switcheroo" by selling its flagship and "Monarch of the Dailies", the afternoon San Francisco Examiner, and acquiring the long-time competing, but now larger morning paper, San Francisco Chronicle from the Charles de Young family. The San Francisco Examiner is now published as a daily freesheet.

In December 2003, Marvel Entertainment acquired Cover Concepts from Hearst, to extend Marvel's demographic reach among public school children.[40]

In 2009, A&E Networks acquired Lifetime Entertainment Services, with Hearst ownership increasing to 42%.[41] [42]

In 2010, Hearst acquired digital marketing agency iCrossing.[43]

In 2011, Hearst absorbed more than 100 magazine titles from the Lagardère Group for more than $700 million and became a challenger of Time Inc ahead of Condé Nast. In December 2012, Hearst Corporation partnered again with NBCUniversal to launch Esquire Network.

On February 20, 2014, Hearst Magazines International appointed Gary Ellis to the new position, Chief Digital Officer.[44] That December, DreamWorks Animation sold a 25% stake in AwesomenessTV for $81.25 million to Hearst.[45]

In January 2017, Hearst announced that it had acquired a majority stake in Litton Entertainment. Its CEO, Dave Morgan, was a former employee of Hearst.[46] [47]

On January 23, 2017, Hearst announced that it had acquired the business operations of The Pioneer Group from fourth-generation family owners Jack and John Batdorff. The Pioneer Group was a Michigan-based communications network that circulates print and digital news to local communities across the state. In addition to daily newspapers, The Pioneer and Manistee News Advocate, Pioneer published three weekly papers and four local shopper publications, and operated a digital marketing services business.[48] The acquisition brought Hearst Newspapers to publishing 19 daily and 61 weekly papers.

Other 2017 acquisitions include the New Haven Register and associated papers from Digital First Media,[49] [50] and the Alton, Illinois, Telegraph and Jacksonville, Illinois, Journal-Courier from Civitas Media.[51] [52]

In October 2017, Hearst announced it would acquire the magazine and book businesses of Rodale in Emmaus, Pennsylvania with some sources reporting the purchase price as about $225 million. The transaction was expected to close in January following government approvals.[53] [54]

In 2018, Hearst acquired the global health and wellness magazine brands owned by Rodale, Inc.[55]

In April 2023, Hearst bought WBBH-TV, an NBC-affiliated television station in Fort Myers, Florida, from Waterman Broadcasting Corporation.[56] In June 2023, Hearst acquired the Journal Inquirer[57] and later in October 2023 bought San Antonio Magazine. The company paid $150,000 in cash plus an amount equal to 90% of the magazine's accounts receivable[58] In November 2023, Hearst acquired all print and digital operations owned by RJ Media Group, including the Record-Journal, seven weekly newspapers and a digital advertising agency.[59] In December 2023, Hearst bought Puzzmo, a puzzle games website.[60]

In April 2024, Hearst acquired the Texas magazines Austin Monthly and Austin Home from Open Sky Media. A new organization called was created Hearst Texas Austin Media to manage the titles along with the Austin Daily newsletter which was created early that year.[61]

Chief executive officers

Operating group heads

Assets

See main article: List of assets owned by Hearst Communications. A non-exhaustive list of its current properties and investments includes:

Magazines

Newspapers

(alphabetical by state, then title)

Broadcasting

Internet

Other

Trustees of William Randolph Hearst's will

Under William Randolph Hearst's will, a common board of thirteen trustees (its composition fixed at five family members and eight outsiders) administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation, and the trust that owns (and selects the 26-member[81] board of) the Hearst Corporation (immediate parent of Hearst Communications which shares the same officers). The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this.[82] [83]

In 2009, it was estimated to be the largest private company managed by trustees in this way.[84] As of 2017, the trustees are:[85]

Family members

Non-family members

The trust dissolves when all family members alive at the time of Hearst's death in August 1951 have died.

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hearst . . August 31, 2017.
  2. Web site: The Hearst Corporation . . October 19, 2017 . August 28, 2018.
  3. Web site: Hearst's New CEO Steve Swartz Talks Business, Succession. Maza. Erik. April 1, 2013. WWD. en. July 23, 2016.
  4. News: 2016 America's Richest Families Net Worth: Hearst Family . Forbes . June 29, 2016 . August 28, 2018.
  5. Web site: Hearst enjoys record profits, eyes more acquisitions. Kelly. Keith J.. January 6, 2016. New York Post. November 4, 2016.
  6. Web site: Hearst family . 2022-10-26 . Forbes . en.
  7. News: George Randolph Hearst Jr. dies at 84; L.A. Herald-Examiner publisher. Nelson. Valerie J.. June 27, 2012. Los Angeles Times. July 16, 2018.
  8. News: Press Baron's Progress. Evans. Harold. July 2, 2000. The New York Times. August 28, 2018.
  9. Yellow Journalism: William Randolph Hearst . Crucible of Empire: The Spanish–American War . August 23, 1999 . . August 28, 2018.
  10. News: Hearst Magazines Manage To Thrive in Tough Market. Rose. Matthew. April 24, 2003. The Wall Street Journal. July 16, 2018.
  11. Book: Lueck, Therese . Women's Periodicals in the United States: Consumer Magazines . Greenwood Publishing Group . 1995 . 978-0313286315 . 492.
  12. Book: American literary publishing houses, 1900-1980. Trade and paperback. Murray. Timothy D.. Mills. Theodora. Gale Research Co. 1986. 978-0-8103-1724-6. Dzwonkoski. Peter. Dictionary of literary biography. Detroit. 91–92. Cosmopolitan Book Corporation.
  13. https://seriesofseries.com/hearsts-international-library/ Hearst's International Library
  14. Web site: William Randolph Hearst and the Comics . Joseph . F. D'Angelo . Penn State University:Integrative Arts 10 . July 16, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160701145126/http://www.psu.edu/dept/inart10_110/inart10/hearst.html . July 1, 2016 . dead .
  15. Web site: Hearst family left distinct mark on Atlanta, Buckhead. Kennedy. Thornton. MDJOnline.com. October 17, 2018 . en. May 30, 2019.
  16. Encyclopedia: Hearst Newspapers . Mark R. . Wilson . Stephen R. . Porter . Janice L. . Reiff . amp . 2005 . . 978-0226310152.
  17. William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years. C-SPAN2. Book TV. June 12, 1998. Brian Lamb, presenter; Ben Procter. August 28, 2018.
  18. Book: Landers, James. The Improbable First Century of Cosmopolitan Magazine. November 1, 2010. University of Missouri Press. 978-0826272331. en.
  19. Web site: The Reign of S.F.'s 'Monarch of the Dailies' / Hearst media empire started with Examiner. Taylor. Michael. Writer. Chronicle Staff. August 7, 1999. SFGate. May 30, 2019.
  20. Book: Nasaw, David. The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst. 2001. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 978-0618154463. 320–322. en.
  21. News: The Mistress, the Magnate, and the Genius. Longworth. Karina. September 24, 2015. Slate. August 28, 2018. 1091-2339.
  22. Web site: Hearst Metrotone News Collection. UCLA Film & Television Archive. July 16, 2018.
  23. Book: Parenti, Michael . Blackshirts & Reds: Rational Fascism and the Overthrow of Communism . City Lights Books . 1997 . 978-0-87286-329-3 . . 11 . en.
  24. The Devil and Mr. Hearst. Frank. Dana. June 22, 2000. The Nation.
  25. The Press: Quiet Deal. August 31, 1959. Time. April 23, 2019. en-US. 0040-781X.
  26. Web site: The Last Los Angeles Herald-Examiner Strike. February 3, 2014. California State University Northridge Oviatt Library. August 28, 2018.
  27. News: Donald Fine, 75, Publisher Of Suspenseful Best Sellers. Smith. Dinitia. August 16, 1997. The New York Times. April 24, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
  28. Web site: Hearst acquires leading book publisher. United Press International. August 28, 2018.
  29. Web site: Murdoch, Hearst agree on sale of Boston Herald American. UPI. en. August 20, 2019.
  30. News: Boston Newspaper Renamed. Ap. December 22, 1982. The New York Times. August 20, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
  31. News: 1990-04-16. Hearst. Broadcasting. 2021-09-24.
  32. Web site: Donecker. Frances. San Antonio Light. Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. February 20, 2021.
  33. News: Hearst to Buy 20% ESPN Stake From RJR. Fabrikant. Geraldine. November 9, 1990. The New York Times. April 23, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
  34. Is the world's first media group now the best?. Morrison. Collin. December 23, 2013. Flashes & Flames. May 13, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20180428022318/http://www.flashesandflames.com/2013/12/is-the-worlds-first-media-group-now-the-best/. April 28, 2018. dead. mdy-all.
  35. News: Hearst launches TV cartoon channel. United Press International. July 31, 1996. February 20, 2021.
  36. Web site: Hearst on track with Locomotion in Latin America. Broadcasting & Cable. August 5, 1996. February 20, 2021. World Radio History.
  37. News: Hearst, Cisneros Group Plan All-Animation Channel for Latin America. Associated Press. July 31, 1996. February 20, 2021.
  38. News: Hearst to Buy Argyle TV In a Rare Public Venture. The New York Times. March 27, 1997. February 20, 2021.
  39. News: Tharp. Paul. HarperCollins Buys William Morrow & Avon. New York Post. May 28, 2018. June 18, 1999.
  40. News: DeMott . Rick . Marvel Acquires Cover Concepts . February 20, 2021 . . December 18, 2003 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140715084348/http://www.awn.com/news/marvel-acquires-cover-concepts . July 15, 2014 .
  41. News: A&E Acquires Lifetime. Schneider. Michael. August 27, 2009. Variety. https://web.archive.org/web/20121102232152/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007820?refCatId=14. November 2, 2012.
  42. News: A&E Networks, Lifetime Merger Completed. Atkinson. Claire. August 27, 2009. Broadcasting & Cable. https://web.archive.org/web/20190424002819/https://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/ae-networks-lifetime-merger-completed-35353. April 24, 2019. dead.
  43. Web site: Google and Hearst Make Digital Acquisitions. Elliott. Stuart. June 3, 2010. Media Decoder Blog. The New York Times Company. en-US. April 24, 2019.
  44. Web site: Hearst Magazines International Makes Digital Hire . Women's Wear Daily . February 20, 2014 . February 24, 2014 . Steigrad . Alexandra.
  45. News: Hearst Corp. buys 25% stake in AwesomenessTV. Verrier. Richard. December 11, 2014. Los Angeles Times. December 16, 2014.
  46. News: Hearst Invests in Media Entertainment Production Company . TVSpy . Eck . Kevin . January 9, 2017 . August 28, 2018.
  47. News: Hearst Acquires Majority Stake in Independent Distributor Litton Entertainment . Variety . Littleton . Cynthia . January 6, 2017 . August 28, 2018.
  48. News: Hearst buys 145-year-old Pioneer Group from Batdorff family members. February 10, 2017. August 28, 2018. Inland Press Association. November 27, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221127042605/http://www.inlandpress.org/stories/hearst-buys-145-year-old-pioneer-group-from-batdorff-family-members,8258. dead.
  49. News: Hearst Media Acquires New Haven Register, Other Digital First Assets. Jones. Harriet. June 6, 2017. Connecticut Public Radio.
  50. News: Singer. Stephen. Hearst Acquires New Haven Register, Other Publications. June 5, 2017. Hartford Courant.
  51. News: Hearst Acquires Alton Newspaper. September 1, 2017. Mueller. Angela. St. Louis Business Journal. August 28, 2018.
  52. News: Hearst Acquires Journal-Courier, Telegraph. August 31, 2017. Journal-Courier.
  53. News: Media giant Hearst will acquire Rodale. Wagaman. Andrew. October 18, 2017. The Morning Call. October 21, 2017. Allentown, Pennsylvania.
  54. News: Hearst Agrees to Acquire Rodale Inc., Publisher of Men's Health and Runner's World. Trachtenberg. Jeffrey A.. October 18, 2017. The Wall Street Journal. October 21, 2017. 0099-9660.
  55. Web site: January 9, 2018 . Hearst Completes Acquisition of Rodale Inc. Magazine Media Brands . 2024-01-04 . www.hearst.com.
  56. Web site: April 5, 2023 . Hearst To Acquire WBBH-TV (NBC Affiliate), Fort Myers/Naples TV Market Leader, Expanding Florida TV Presence . 2024-01-04 . www.hearst.com.
  57. Web site: 2023-06-03 . Hearst CT Media acquires the Journal Inquirer . 2024-01-04 . CT Insider . en-US.
  58. Web site: Nowlin . Sanford . The Express-News' parent company is buying San Antonio Magazine . 2024-01-04 . San Antonio Current . en.
  59. Web site: 2023-11-27 . Hearst CT Media to acquire Meriden Record-Journal . 2023-11-27 . . en.
  60. Web site: December 4, 2023 . Hearst Newspapers Acquires Puzzle Games Platform Puzzmo . 2024-01-04 . www.hearst.com.
  61. News: Brack . Richard . Hearst Newspapers buys 2 Austin magazines, creates media company . 2024-04-05 . San Antonio Express-News . en.
  62. News: Hearst Corporation Reassigns Several of Its Top Executives. February 28, 1973. The New York Times. April 23, 2019. en-US. 0362-4331.
  63. Book: The Hearsts: Father and Son. Hearst. William Randolph Jr. . Casserly. Jack. Roberts Rinehart. 1991. 978-1879373044. New York. 309–310. William Randolph Hearst Jr..
  64. Frank Massi, Former President of the Hearst Corporation, Dead at 85. August 7, 1995. August 28, 2018.
  65. Web site: A brief history of the Hearst Corporation . January 25, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120428080513/http://www.hearst.com/files/hearst-timeline-november-2011.pdf . April 28, 2012.
  66. Web site: Frank A. Bennack, Jr.. Hearst Corporation. August 16, 2018.
  67. Company Overview of Pulte Capital Partners LLC: Executive Profile, Victor F. Ganzi. Bloomberg Businessweek. August 16, 2018.
  68. Web site: Steven R. Swartz. Hearst Corporation. August 16, 2018.
  69. News: Hearst magazine boss David Carey stepping down. Kelly. Keith J.. June 25, 2018. New York Post. August 16, 2018.
  70. Web site: Debi Chirchella. Hearst Corporation. November 16, 2020.
  71. Web site: Jeffrey M. Johnson. Hearst Corporation. August 28, 2018.
  72. Web site: Mark Adam. Hearst Corporation. August 28, 2018.
  73. Web site: Hearst scraps 'Dr. Oz The Good Life' magazine amid Senate bid — and slumping sales. Steigrad, Alexandra. New York Post. December 15, 2021.
  74. News: Sterling, Hearst Renew Agreement. June 23, 2010. Publishers Weekly. August 28, 2018.
  75. https://www.sfgate.com/
  76. https://www.chron.com/
  77. https://www.mysanantonio.com/
  78. Web site: Variety. Hearst Magazines Buys Clevver's Pop-Culture YouTube Channels After Defy's Demise. February 15, 2019.
  79. Hearst Magazines Digital Media and MSN Launch Delish.com . September 23, 2008 . Hearst Communications.
  80. Web site: Press Resources . 2023-11-30 . https://archive.today/20231130031946/https://www.puzzmo.com/press/ . 2023-11-30 .
  81. https://www.hearst.com/-/new-directors-elected-at-hearst press release, "New Directors Elected at Hearst"
  82. Web site: About the Hearst Foundations. Hearst Foundations. August 28, 2018.
  83. Web site: Board of Directors Hearst Foundations. 2022-01-09. www.hearstfdn.org.
  84. Web site: Citizen Bunky: A Hearst family scandal - Nov. 25, 2009. archive.fortune.com. December 24, 2018.
  85. Mitchell Scherzer Elected a Trustee of the Hearst Family Trust. August 28, 2018.