| Heard Natural Science Museum and Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| Location: | Mckinney, Collin County, Texas, United States |
| Coords: | 33.1584°N -96.6153°W |
| Area: | 289acres |
| Established: | 1967 |
A private 501(c)3 nonprofit organization founded in 1967, the Heard Natural Science Museum & Wildlife Sanctuary is located in McKinney, Texas, United States. With a 289-acre wildlife sanctuary, five miles of hiking trails, about fifty acres of wetlands, a two-acre native plant garden, a butterfly house, live animals, indoor and outdoor exhibits, the Heard welcomes over 100,000 visitors annually.[1] The Heard is the most popular tourist attraction in the city of McKinney. Volunteers from McKinney, Plano, Allen, Westminster, Richardson, and Dallas help keep the museum running,[2] along with organizations like the Audubon Society, and students from the University of North Texas in Denton.[3]
Miss Bessie Heard (May 26, 1886[4] –1988) was a native of McKinney, whose parents had moved to the area shortly after the American Civil War.[5] Heard, who had a lifelong interest in the natural world, attended a local college prep school, graduated from Mary Baldwin College, and later studied at Parsons in New York.[6] She was known for her unconventional behavior, as she was "the first woman to straddle a horse in McKinney, as well as the first female to ride a bicycle in town."[7] She also led a drive to plant hackberry trees throughout downtown McKinney. Heard was 80 years old when she saw the need to preserve a place where future generations could visit to experience nature. The museum opened October 1, 1967 and now serves more than 100,000 visitors annually.[8] One of the original missions of the museum was hosting Heard's collection of "large and unusual collection of bird and flower prints."[9] She had previously exhibited her prints and collections of shells, minerals and butterflies at an informal "sun-porch museum" at her home.[10]
The original museum building was designed by Pat Y. Spillman. The first director was Howard E. Laughlin.[11] The museum was expanded by 8,000 square feet in 1991. The museum hosted a raptor center until 2004, which provided rehabilitation services to approximately 100 sick or injured wild raptors annually.[12] [13] [14]
The sanctuary was originally established on 207.4 acres south of the McKinney Country Club. A local landfill abuts another boundary of the sanctuary.[15] Wilson Creek, which feeds nearby Lake Lavon,[16] forms the northern boundary.[17] Beginning in 2005, the museum collaborated with the country club to change their landscaping so it was more diverse and richer in Texas native species.[18] As of 1992 the sanctuary supported 240 animal species and 200 plant species living in riparian and prairie habitats. The geofenced iNaturalist project for the Heard Museum has indexed over 2,000 species of wildlife as of 2024.[19]
A wetland was created adjacent to Wilson Creek in 1991. The Heard preserves a native prairie subtype known as Texas blackland prairie. The Texas Blackland Prairie Chapter of the Texas Master Naturalist program holds training programs at the Heard for residents of Collin, Hunt, and Rockwall counties.[20]
The Heard's purpose is threefold: education, conservation, and preservation.[21]
Within the 289-acre wildlife sanctuary, visitors can explore trails, sit in on educational programs, and get their hands dirty with conservation projects. The Heard sanctuary has five habitats including Blackland prairie, wetlands, bottomland forest, upland forest and white rock escarpment. The habitat at the Heard protects native North American grasses that have become increasingly rare due to development and agriculture. Ken Steigman, director of Lewisville Lake Environmental Learning Area in Denton County, first learned about habitat restoration while working at the Heard: "That seven-foot tall groundcover was big bluestem. Its roots went down 15 feet. We still find remnants of it here and there. A lot of this area was what ecologists call Blackland Prairie, a native Texas ecosystem."[22]
The Heard has been awarded The Audubon Society's designation as an important birding area. Texas has preeminence as a bird-watching area due to its placement on major migratory paths. However, The Heard offers special opportunities for bird-watching by providing a unique resource in a large metropolitan area.[23] The Prairie and Timbers Audubon Society meets at the Heard.[24]
There is a demonstration garden showcasing Texas wildflowers, and the North Texas chapter of the Texas Native Plant Society holds its monthly meetings at the museum.[25] The Heard has hosted a popular spring native plant sale since 1989.[26]
Also, the Heard's Pioneer Village features eight buildings in miniature scale that emulate structures that would have been typical in prairie settlements in the late 1800s.[27]