Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park explained
The Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park is a provincial park in the Charlevoix region of Quebec, Canada. Centring on the Malbaie River Gorge, it is the centrepiece of the UNESCO Charlevoix biosphere reserve. It is administered by the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq). The park can be reached via a local road, 30km (20miles) northwards from Route 138 in Saint-Aimé-des-Lacs.
The park has a total area of 224.7km2 and was created as a provincial park in 2000.[1] The 9.2km2 Grands-Ormes Ecological Reserve is an enclave within the park.
The park lies within the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion.[2]
Description
This provincial park is represented by a deep valley in high mountains with steep walls over in height. There are many waterfalls and falls, the highest of which is, as well as many mammals typical of the boreal forest, including the American marten and the Boreal woodland caribou which frequent the isolated summits of the park. The park also encloses the Grands-Ormes Ecological Reserve.
At the heart of this valley, whose walls can reach up to in height, flows the Malbaie River, frequented among others by the Sea Lamprey as well as by the Atlantic salmon.[3]
The park is managed by the Quebec government through the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Quebec Outdoor Establishments Society) (SÉPAQ).
History
Canadians first visited the area in the course of exploration of the Malbaie River only in the first half of the 19th century. In the beginning of the 20th century, commercial exploitation of the forest started, accompanied by timber rafting. At the same time, tourists started to frequent the area. William Hume Blake was one of the early tourists who repeatedly visited the gorge. On 13 September 1988, the regional park was opened. In 1989, it became part of the UNESCO Charlevoix World biosphe reserve. In 2000, the government of Quebec officially opened the national park.
- 1970: The first field surveys take place by the Ministry of Tourism, Hunting and Fishing to specify what a park project could be in the Hautes-Gorges.
- 1975: Even if it is not yet a National Park in the legal sense, the Parc des Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie appears for the first time in the programming of the Ministry of Tourism, Hunting and some fishing.
- 1977: An investment of $64000 is made there by the Ministry of Lands and Forests in order to build basic reception facilities.
- 1979: While the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve is about to be created, the Ministry of Recreation, Hunting and Fishing gives up creating at the same time the Hautes-Gorges Park as expected since this would have increased the compensation costs to be paid to the logging company too much then benefiting from a forest concession which included these two parks.
- 1983: The Ministry of Recreation, Hunting and Fishing announces its intention to create the Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie park during the Summit on the economy of the greater region of the Capital.
- 1985: The last logging takes place in the Hautes-Gorges since the Ministry of Energy and Resources proceeds to the retrocession of the part of the concession of the Donohue company located in the park project.
- 1996: The flood of July 19 (see Saguenay Flood) wreaks havoc in the park and it is closed for the rest of the season because its roads have become unusable.[4]
- 2000: Legal creation of the park by the Government of Quebec, thus becoming the 20th park of the Parc-Québec network.[5]
- 2017: On September 13, the park boundaries are extended by to reach 224.9km (139.7miles).[6]
Geography
The park is located in a mountainous environment, in the chain of the Laurentian Mountains, more precisely in the east of the Jacques-Cartier Massif. The rugged terrain of the Hautes-Gorges structures the landscape of the park into five major physiographic units:[7]
- The high mountains: occupies the east of the park, over an area of 51.6km (32.1miles), and includes most of the park's peaks, including the Montagne des Érables, the Mont Élie and Mont Jérémie.
- The Scott Lake plateau: with an area of 32.2km (20miles), this plateau occupies the northern part of the park and its altitude is in the 750 class at . Flat or gently sloping areas are rare and mainly located in the depressions of Lac Scott and Ruisseau Blanc.
- Vallée de la rivière Malbaie: as its name suggests, this unit includes the valley of the Malbaie River as well as the peaks adjacent to it. This unit has an area of 103.4km (64.2miles) and crosses the park from side to side, in its center. The valley and its river are initially oriented north-south to become abruptly east-west in the sector aptly named L'Équerre. The lowest point in the park is located in this area on the southeastern border of the park where the topographic reading indicates an elevation of .
- The West Plateau: With an area of 72.5km (45miles), this unit is characterized by the altitude class 750 to, although the class 600 to also occupies significant space. A few summits over also exist there, particularly in the Porc-Épic lake sector.
- Martres River Valley: located south of the West Plateau and east of the Malbaie River Valley, this fifth physiographic unit covers an area of 30.3km (18.8miles). Its relief is the lowest in the entire park, around .
Recreation
Activities available in the park include hiking, riverboat cruises, canoeing, kayaking, fishing, cycling, rabaska, birding, ice climbing, and camping.[8]
There are three camp sites in the park, one of which can only be reached by canoeing or biking.
The park contains seven hiking trails totaling 32.9km (20.4miles), including one that is 10.5km (06.5miles) long with an 800m (2,600feet) elevation gain. On these trails, hikers can reach the top of the Montagne des Érables, the highest summit in the park, at an elevation of 1048m (3,438feet).[9]
The 8km (05miles) bike trail takes visitors through the gorge along the Malbaie River, while a short hike leads to the French: chute du Ruisseau Blanc (White Stream Waterfalls) 45m (148feet) high, which is fed from one of the many high altitude lakes and suspended valleys.
Cars are not allowed in the park. There is a parking at the gate, where one needs to register and pay to get access to the park. From there, visitors may take a bus that will get them to some points in the park, and to the Draveur Service Centre.
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Portrait du parc . Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park . 5 January 2019 . 2018.
- Olson, D. M . E. Dinerstein . Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth . . 2001 . 51 . 11 . 933–938 . 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 . etal . free .
- fr . Le Fleuve. The Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie park and the Grands-Ormes ecological reserve . 2001 . December 29, 2015.
- Book: en. Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie park project: state of knowledge . Quebec . Ministry of the Environment and Wildlife, Direction des parcs québécois, Service planning of the network of Quebec parks . 1998 . 8 . 2-550-33820-0. .
- https://www.sepaq.com/pq/hgo/decouvrir/portrait.dot Portrait of the park
- Web site: Parc national des Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie. Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks. September 24, 2017. .
- Book: fr. Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie park project: state of knowledge. Quebec: Ministry of the Environment and Wildlife, Directorate of Quebec Parks, Quebec Parks Network Planning Service. 1998. 197. 38. 2-550-33820-0. .
- Web site: Parc national des Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie – Parcs Québec – Sépaq. 4 August 2014.
- 16342. metric. Montagne des Érables. 2 Aug 2014.
