Hausruckviertel (National Council electoral district) explained

Hausruckviertel
Constituency Type:Electoral District
Parl Name:National Council
Map4:Hausruckviertel (National Council electoral district).svg
Map Size:250px
Map Entity:Austria
District Label:District
Region Label:State
Region:Upper Austria
Population:383,885 (2024)[1]
Electorate:273,379 (2019)
Area:2,427 km2 (2023)[2]
Year:1994
Seats:8 (1994–present)
Members Label:Members[3]

Hausruckviertel, also known as Electoral District 4C (de|Wahlkreis 4C), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Wels and the districts of Eferding, Grieskirchen, Vöcklabruck and Wels Rural in the state of Upper Austria. The electoral district currently elects eight of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 273,379 registered electors.

History

Hausruckviertel was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.[4] It consisted of the city of Wels and the districts of Eferding, Grieskirchen, Vöcklabruck and Wels Rural in the state of Upper Austria.[5] The district was initially allocated eight seats in May 1993.[6]

Electoral system

Hausruckviertel currently elects eight of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[7] [8] [9] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.[10] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).[11] [12] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).[11] [12] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).[11] [12] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.[11] [12]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.[12] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[12] [13] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).[13] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).[12] [14] [15]

Election results

Summary

Election valign=bottom colspan=3Communists
KPÖ+ / KPÖ !
valign=bottom colspan=3Social Democrats
SPÖ !
valign=bottom colspan=3Greens
GRÜNE !
valign=bottom colspan=3NEOS
NEOS / LiF !
valign=bottom colspan=3People's
ÖVP !
valign=bottom colspan=3Freedom
FPÖ
colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
1,009 0.48% 0 43,537 20.76% 1 27,377 13.06% 1 15,508 7.40% 0 77,480 36.95% 2 40,697 19.41% 1
1,073 0.49% 0 56,535 25.58% 2 7,752 3.51% 0 10,521 4.76% 0 69,393 31.40% 2 64,579 29.22% 2
1,261 0.60% 0 53,584 25.69% 2 24,013 11.51% 0 6,722 3.22% 0 52,181 25.02% 1 50,470 24.20% 1
1,215 0.57% 0 61,132 28.60% 2 19,743 9.24% 0 2,535 1.19% 0 56,972 26.65% 2 45,644 21.35% 1
1,544 0.76% 0 70,751 34.66% 2 20,046 9.82% 0 72,193 35.36% 2 28,218 13.82% 1
983 0.47% 0 74,102 35.66% 2 17,368 8.36% 0 1,804 0.87% 0 89,752 43.19% 3 23,787 11.45% 0
618 0.31% 0 61,564 31.12% 2 14,583 7.37% 0 4,997 2.53% 0 55,911 28.26% 2 57,756 29.19% 2
434 0.21% 0 74,058 36.39% 2 10,107 4.97% 0 8,706 4.28% 0 59,874 29.42% 2 47,922 23.55% 1
325 0.17% 0 64,674 33.26% 2 14,383 7.40% 0 8,963 4.61% 0 55,514 28.55% 2 47,585 24.47% 1

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:[16] [17]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 7,501 16,571 30,368 7,339 15,556 145 77,480 36.95% 2
SPÖ 4,454 6,712 15,948 7,651 8,704 68 43,537 20.76% 1
FPÖ 4,030 8,057 14,207 5,322 9,025 56 40,697 19.41% 1
GRÜNE 2,533 4,854 10,786 3,853 5,104 247 27,377 13.06% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"NEOS 1,494 2,694 5,696 2,020 3,502 102 15,508 7.40% 0
JETZT 274 453 1,269 412 610 26 3,044 1.45% 0
KPÖ+ 86 146 421 171 180 5 1,009 0.48% 0
WANDL 84 173 399 129 192 5 982 0.47% 0
SLP 7 10 23 6 12 0 58 0.03% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 20,463 39,670 79,117 26,903 42,885 654 209,692 100.00% 5
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 445 710 1,362 369 616 8 3,510 1.65%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 20,908 40,380 80,479 27,272 43,501 662 213,202 77.99%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 25,869 50,592 102,974 39,157 54,787 273,379
align=left colspan=3Turnout 80.82% 79.81% 78.15% 69.65% 79.40% 77.99%

The following candidates were elected:[18] [19]

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:[20] [21]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 6,744 15,397 26,941 6,500 13,637 174 69,393 31.40% 2
FPÖ 6,385 12,292 23,236 8,698 13,835 133 64,579 29.22% 2
SPÖ 5,761 8,833 20,812 9,881 11,017 231 56,535 25.58% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"NEOS 974 1,744 3,858 1,423 2,416 106 10,521 4.76% 0
PILZ 657 1,227 3,363 1,147 1,473 79 7,946 3.60% 0
GRÜNE 715 1,389 3,070 1,125 1,353 100 7,752 3.51% 0
GILT 215 385 788 242 450 13 2,093 0.95% 0
KPÖ 80 161 425 197 191 19 1,073 0.49% 0
The Whites WEIßE 48 120 547 36 103 2 856 0.39% 0
FLÖ 27 38 84 24 45 2 220 0.10% 0
SLP 3 6 12 6 6 0 33 0.01% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 21,609 41,592 83,136 29,279 44,526 859 221,001 100.00% 6
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 270 610 1,060 293 473 7 2,713 1.21%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 21,879 42,202 84,196 29,572 44,999 866 223,714 82.14%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 25,789 50,411 102,530 39,623 54,005 272,358
align=left colspan=3Turnout 84.84% 83.72% 82.12% 74.63% 83.32% 82.14%

The following candidates were elected:[22] [23]

Substitutions:

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:[26] [27]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 5,378 8,273 19,881 9,434 10,525 93 53,584 25.69% 2
ÖVP 5,380 12,254 20,195 4,171 10,022 159 52,181 25.02% 1
FPÖ 4,711 9,246 18,032 7,857 10,543 81 50,470 24.20% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 2,320 4,156 9,170 3,651 4,510 206 24,013 11.51% 0
FRANK 931 1,790 3,812 1,330 2,290 15 10,168 4.87% 0
BZÖ 681 1,384 2,737 963 1,547 34 7,346 3.52% 0
NEOS 527 1,090 2,587 1,066 1,385 67 6,722 3.22% 0
PIRAT 142 286 697 221 378 15 1,739 0.83% 0
KPÖ 113 214 466 230 226 12 1,261 0.60% 0
CPÖ 58 156 353 68 111 0 746 0.36% 0
WANDL 31 75 119 48 77 2 352 0.17% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 20,272 38,924 78,049 29,039 41,614 684 208,582 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 511 1,274 2,246 451 896 16 5,394 2.52%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 20,783 40,198 80,295 29,490 42,510 700 213,976 79.05%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 25,480 49,884 101,803 40,671 52,848 270,686
align=left colspan=3Turnout 81.57% 80.58% 78.87% 72.51% 80.44% 79.05%

The following candidates were elected:[28] [29]

Substitutions:

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:[31] [32]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 6,201 9,351 21,941 10,846 12,380 413 61,132 28.60% 2
ÖVP 5,765 13,400 21,402 5,163 10,663 579 56,972 26.65% 2
FPÖ 4,115 7,785 17,941 6,480 9,039 284 45,644 21.35% 1
BZÖ 1,795 3,475 7,344 3,135 4,401 174 20,324 9.51% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,767 3,299 7,264 3,325 3,561 527 19,743 9.24% 0
LiF 198 328 922 526 476 85 2,535 1.19% 0
FRITZ 181 418 774 235 466 26 2,100 0.98% 0
RETTÖ 201 328 932 183 373 17 2,034 0.95% 0
DC 141 502 848 189 313 16 2,009 0.94% 0
KPÖ 93 180 510 218 202 12 1,215 0.57% 0
LINKE 11 11 22 13 15 1 73 0.03% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 20,468 39,077 79,900 30,313 41,889 2,134 213,781 100.00% 5
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 563 1,533 2,592 543 1,054 36 6,321 2.87%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 21,031 40,610 82,492 30,856 42,943 2,170 220,102 82.62%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 24,923 49,199 100,100 40,994 51,175 266,391
align=left colspan=3Turnout 84.38% 82.54% 82.41% 75.27% 83.91% 82.62%

The following candidates were elected:[33] [34]

Substitutions:

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:[37] [38]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 6,856 15,990 26,173 6,693 13,113 3,368 72,193 35.36% 2
SPÖ 6,705 10,442 25,356 12,403 13,465 2,380 70,751 34.66% 2
FPÖ 2,634 4,995 9,680 4,338 5,731 840 28,218 13.82% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,582 3,035 6,813 3,271 3,359 1,986 20,046 9.82% 0
MATIN 485 1,036 2,221 832 1,042 197 5,813 2.85% 0
BZÖ 394 885 1,938 1,067 1,109 179 5,572 2.73% 0
KPÖ 124 249 600 242 244 85 1,544 0.76% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 18,780 36,632 72,781 28,846 38,063 9,035 204,137 100.00% 5
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 427 1,011 1,982 432 742 146 4,740 2.27%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 19,207 37,643 74,763 29,278 38,805 9,181 208,877 81.85%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 23,728 47,193 95,783 40,223 48,282 255,209
align=left colspan=3Turnout 80.95% 79.76% 78.05% 72.79% 80.37% 81.85%

The following candidates were elected:[39] [40]

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:[41] [42]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 8,435 19,745 32,861 9,685 16,113 2,913 89,752 43.19% 3
SPÖ 7,174 10,922 26,834 13,349 14,226 1,597 74,102 35.66% 2
FPÖ 2,077 4,474 8,258 3,787 4,688 503 23,787 11.45% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,302 2,383 6,027 3,037 2,853 1,766 17,368 8.36% 0
LiF 131 254 662 349 311 97 1,804 0.87% 0
KPÖ 81 176 371 177 161 17 983 0.47% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 19,200 37,954 75,013 30,384 38,352 6,893 207,796 100.00% 5
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 332 809 1,602 334 607 59 3,743 1.77%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 19,532 38,763 76,615 30,718 38,959 6,952 211,539 86.60%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 22,574 45,532 91,660 38,829 45,663 244,258
align=left colspan=3Turnout 86.52% 85.13% 83.59% 79.11% 85.32% 86.60%

The following candidates were elected:[43] [44]

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:[45] [46]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 5,929 9,197 22,382 10,439 11,680 1,937 61,564 31.12% 2
FPÖ 4,901 10,494 19,979 9,723 11,063 1,596 57,756 29.19% 2
ÖVP 5,803 13,129 20,463 4,783 9,640 2,093 55,911 28.26% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,067 2,193 5,314 2,393 2,450 1,166 14,583 7.37% 0
LiF 313 569 1,594 1,034 804 683 4,997 2.53% 0
DU 114 208 591 274 307 44 1,538 0.78% 0
No to NATO and EU –
Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative
NEIN 73 187 398 78 116 19 871 0.44% 0
KPÖ 48 83 252 96 110 29 618 0.31% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 18,248 36,060 70,973 28,820 36,170 7,567 197,838 100.00% 6
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 305 753 1,489 319 562 65 3,493 1.73%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 18,553 36,813 72,462 29,139 36,732 7,632 201,331 84.09%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 22,141 44,575 89,767 38,510 44,433 239,426
align=left colspan=3Turnout 83.79% 82.59% 80.72% 75.67% 82.67% 84.09%

The following candidates were elected:[47] [48]

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:[49] [50]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 7,073 10,869 26,849 13,784 13,972 1,511 74,058 36.39% 2
ÖVP 6,158 14,157 21,955 5,653 10,214 1,737 59,874 29.42% 2
FPÖ 4,010 8,755 17,051 8,084 9,154 868 47,922 23.55% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 704 1,578 3,602 1,606 1,604 1,013 10,107 4.97% 0
LiF 547 1,049 2,913 1,909 1,438 850 8,706 4.28% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria
NEIN 196 409 1,152 241 364 57 2,419 1.19% 0
KPÖ 28 58 158 96 84 10 434 0.21% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 18,716 36,875 73,680 31,373 36,830 6,046 203,520 100.00% 5
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 429 1,011 1,901 557 719 74 4,691 2.25%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 19,145 37,886 75,581 31,930 37,549 6,120 208,211 88.58%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 21,620 43,619 88,114 38,675 43,039 235,067
align=left colspan=3Turnout 88.55% 86.86% 85.78% 82.56% 87.24% 88.58%

The following candidates were elected:[51] [52]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:[53] [54]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Efer-
ding
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Gries-
kirchen
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Vöckla-
bruck
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
City
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Wels
Rural !
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 6,314 9,434 23,653 11,566 12,094 1,613 64,674 33.26% 2
ÖVP 5,865 13,455 20,627 4,824 9,132 1,611 55,514 28.55% 2
FPÖ 4,169 8,969 16,217 7,933 9,085 1,212 47,585 24.47% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,007 2,229 5,214 2,345 2,380 1,208 14,383 7.40% 0
LiF 574 1,145 2,948 1,997 1,512 787 8,963 4.61% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria
NEIN 117 235 698 207 303 44 1,604 0.82% 0
Christian Voters Community CWG 39 184 322 113 196 37 891 0.46% 0
KPÖ 21 47 121 65 62 9 325 0.17% 0
ÖNP 14 63 110 51 44 7 289 0.15% 0
United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter VGÖ 27 41 80 41 55 5 249 0.13% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 18,147 35,802 69,990 29,142 34,863 6,533 194,477 100.00% 5
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 383 875 1,817 441 671 96 4,283 2.15%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 18,530 36,677 71,807 29,583 35,534 6,629 198,760 84.70%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 21,530 43,662 88,009 38,716 42,745 234,662
align=left colspan=3Turnout 86.07% 84.00% 81.59% 76.41% 83.13% 84.70%

The following candidates were elected:[55] [56]

Substitutions:

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  2. Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  3. Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  4. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  5. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1918 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  6. 322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2707 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  7. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  8. Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
  9. Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
  10. Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects.
  11. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Überblick . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/ . 31 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  12. Web site: Reimink . Elwin . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945 . Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131754/https://www.electoralsystemchanges.eu/Files/media/MEDIA_764/FILE/Austria_summary.pdf . 26 February 2024 . 7–8.
  13. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240119191451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Vorzugsstimmen.aspx . 19 January 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  14. Web site: Demokratiepaket soll Kluft zwischen Politik und Bürgern reduzieren . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 31 January 2013.
  15. Web site: Bundesrat befürwortet Stärkung des Persönlichkeitswahlrechts . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 5 April 2013.
  16. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene und Landeswahlkreiseben . . 7 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115124851/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2019/files/endgultiges_Gesamtergebnis_NRW19_16102019.xlsx . 15 November 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  17. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Hausruckviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 26 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000546/https://www.bundeswahlen.gv.at/2019/4C.html . 29 October 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  18. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Broschüre Landeswahlvorschläge . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225011649/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2019/files/NRW19_Vorzugsstimmen_Landes_Regionalparteiliste_16102019.pdf . 25 February 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 29-30 . de.
  19. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  20. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211206233208/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/NRW17_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 6 December 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  21. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Hausruckviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  22. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230425122718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/Vorzugsstimmen_Land_Regional.pdf . 25 April 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 36 . de.
  23. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  24. XXVI. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 78. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Montag, 27. Mai 2019 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 27 May 2019 . XXVI . 78 . 13 . 26 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715135548/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXVI/NRSITZ/78/fname_779605.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  25. XXVI. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 84. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Dienstag, 2. Juli 2019 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 2 July 2019 . XXVI . 84 . 32 . 26 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240814194403/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXVI/NRSITZ/84/fname_785907.pdf . 14 August 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  26. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129221519/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/NRW13_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 29 January 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  27. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Hausruckviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  28. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231205082043/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/Land_VZ_Broschuere_gesamt.pdf . 5 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 52-53 . de.
  29. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  30. XXV Gesetzgebungsperiode: 136. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 6. Juli 2016 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 6 July 2016 . XXV . 136 . 33 . 26 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718145730/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXV/NRSITZ/136/fname_607145.pdf . 18 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  31. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 16 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228132617/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Ergebnis_end.zip . 28 February 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  32. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Hausruckviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  33. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225140442/https://bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Vorzugsstimmen/NRW_08_VZ_Regional.pdf . 25 February 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 31 . de.
  34. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  35. XXIV. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 6. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 3. Dezember 2008 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 3 December 2008 . XXIV . 6 . 21 . 26 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715155418/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXIV/NRSITZ/6/fname_146399.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  36. XXIV. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 41. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Donnerstag, 22. Oktober 2009 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 22 October 2009 . XXIV . 41 . 22 . 26 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231214234226/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXIV/NRSITZ/41/fname_178149.pdf . 14 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  37. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Regionalwahlkreisebene, Landeswahlkreisebene, Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200717055718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_EndergebnisE.xls . 17 July 2020 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  38. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Mandatsspiegel . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508075453/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_MandatsspiegelV.pdf . 8 May 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  39. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620121319/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_VZ_RPL.pdf . 20 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 22 . de.
  40. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  41. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Gesamtergebnis mit Wahlkartenergebnissen der Nationalratswahl 2002 . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220809190010/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/NRW02_E_DL.zip . 9 August 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  42. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Mandatsvergabe - Bundesgebiet - Hauptübersicht . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010101810/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/NRW02_Brosch_Mandate_Bund.pdf . 10 October 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  43. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129052307/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/Vorzug_E_Regional.pdf . 29 November 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 13 . de.
  44. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  45. Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Ergebnis der Nationalratswahl 1999 . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709132039/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/files/NRWergebnis1999.zip . 9 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  46. Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Erzielte Mandate . . 26 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529191600/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/start.aspx#pk_04 . 29 May 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  47. Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Vorzugsstimmen . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220731111116/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/files/NRW1999vorzugsstimmen.zip . 31 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  48. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  49. Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 210–215 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
  50. Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 132 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
  51. Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 29 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
  52. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  53. Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 196–201 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
  54. Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 132 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
  55. Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 27 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
  56. Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  57. XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 23. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Donnerstag, 9. März 1995 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 9 March 1995 . XIX . 23 . 22 . 26 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231214052000/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XIX/NRSITZ/23/imfname_141752.pdf . 14 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  58. Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 7. November 1994 bis 14. Jänner 1996 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 159 . 26 September 2024 . de.
  59. Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 7. November 1994 bis 14. Jänner 1996 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 194 . 26 September 2024 . de.