Hasora taminatus explained
Hasora taminatus,[1] [2] the white banded awl, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae, which is found in Asia.[3]
Range
The butterfly is found in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Cambodia Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Hong Kong, western China, Malaysia, the Indonesian archipelago (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias, Sumbawa and Bali), the Philippines and Sulawesi.
In India the butterfly is found in South India, where it occurs in the Western Ghats, Kodagu, Nilgiri mountains and Palni hills; and in the Himalayas from Mussoorie eastwards to Sikkim and through to Myanmar. It is also found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.[4] [2] [5]
The type locality is South India.[2]
Status
William Harry Evans (1932) reports that it is common in South India and not rare elsewhere.[5]
Description
The butterfly, which has a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm, is dark brown and unmarked above; and resembles the common banded awl (Hasora chromus), except that it has a broad white band on the under hindwing which is sharply defined. The female white banded awl has small spots on the upper forewing while the male has no brand above.[6] [7]
Detailed description
Edward Yerbury Watson (1891) gives detailed descriptions of H. t. malayana (C. & R. Felder, 1860), shown below:[8]
Note: As H. t. malayana is sympatric with another subspecies, H. t. bhavara Fruhstorfer, 1911 in part of its range it has now been given specific status.
Host plants
The larva has been recorded on Derris scandens and Pongamia pinnatta species.[2] [9]
Subspecies
- Hasora taminatus taminatus
- Hasora taminatus vairacana Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Taiwan, Japan)
- Hasora taminatus bhavara Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Sikkim)
- Hasora taminatus padma Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Palawan)
- Hasora taminatus malayana (C. & R. Felder, 1860) (Sikkim to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Hong Kong, West China, Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias, Sumbawa, Bali)
- Hasora taminatus attenuata (Staudinger, 1889) (Sulawesi)
- Hasora taminatus amboinensis Swinhoe, 1909 (New Guinea)
References
Print
- Book: Evans . W.H. . William Harry Evans . The Identification of Indian Butterflies . 2nd . Mumbai, India . . 1932 .
- Book: Kunte, Krushnamegh . Butterflies of Peninsular India . India, A Lifescape . Hyderabad, India . Universities Press . 2000 . 978-8173713545 .
- Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.
- Book: Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander . Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth . Butterflies of the Indian Region . 1957 . Bombay, India . . 978-8170192329 .
Online
Notes and References
- TOL web page on genus Hasora
- Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera - page on genus Hasora.
- Book: W. H., Evans. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. William Harry Evans . British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. 1949. London. 61.
- Book: A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. R.K.. Varshney. Smetacek. Peter. Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. 2015. 978-81-929826-4-9. New Delhi. 25. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164.
- Book: Evans . W.H. . William Harry Evans . The Identification of Indian Butterflies . 2nd . Mumbai, India . . 1932 . 316, ser no I1.15 .
- Book: Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander . Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth . Butterflies of the Indian Region . 1957 . Bombay, India . . 978-8170192329 . 468 .
- Book: Kunte, Krushnamegh . Butterflies of Peninsular India . India, A Lifescape . Hyderabad, India . Universities Press . 2000 . 978-8173713545 . 192 .
- (under Parata malayana Felder).
- 2018-04-10. Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India. Ravikanthachari Nitin. V.C. Balakrishnan. Paresh V. Churi. S. Kalesh. Satya Prakash. Krushnamegh Kunte. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10. 4. 11495–11550. JoTT. 10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550. free.
