Hassan Habibi Explained

Hassan Habibi
Office:First Secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council
Term Start:12 April 1997
Term End:9 September 1997
Predecessor:Office established
Successor:Mohsen Rezaee
Appointer:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
1Blankname:Chairman
1Namedata:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Office1:Member of Expediency Discernment Council
Term Start1:8 May 1991
Term End1:31 January 2013
Appointer1:Ali Khamenei
1Blankname1:Chairman
1Namedata1:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Order2:1st First Vice President of Iran
Term Start2:21 August 1989
Term End2:26 August 2001
President2:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Mohammad Khatami
Predecessor2:Office established
Successor2:Mohammad-Reza Aref
Order3:Supervisor of Presidential Administration of Iran
President3:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Term Start3:5 September 1989
Term End3:3 August 1997
Predecessor3:Mostafa Mir-Salim
Successor3:Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani
Order4:Minister of Justice
Term Start4:15 August 1984
Term End4:29 August 1989
President4:Ali Khamenei
Primeminister4:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Predecessor4:Mohammad Asghari
Successor4:Esmail Shooshtari
Office5:Member of the Parliament of Iran
Constituency5:Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat
Term Start5:28 May 1980
Term End5:28 May 1984
Majority5:1,552,478 (72.7%)
Order6:Minister of Culture and Higher Education
Term Start6:1 October 1979
Term End6:28 May 1980
Primeminister6:Mehdi Bazargan
Predecessor6:Ali Shariatmadari
Successor6:Hassan Arefi
Birth Name:Hassan Ebrahim Habibi
Birth Date:29 January 1937
Birth Place:Tehran, Imperial State of Iran
Death Place:Tehran, Iran
Party:
    Awards: Excellent Order of Independence[1]
    Order of Knowledge (1st class)[2]
    Spouse:Shafigheh Rahideh[3]
    Native Name Lang:fa

    Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (Persian: حسن حبیبی; 29 January 1937 – 31 January 2013) was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the first vice president from 1989 until 2001 under Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. He was also a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution and head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature from 2004 until his death in 2013.

    Early life and education

    Habibi studied sociology in France.[4] [5] He held a PhD in law and sociology. When he was a university student he visited Khomeini while the latter was in exile.[6]

    Career

    Habibi was tasked by Ayatollah Khomeini to draft the prospective constitution of Iran when the latter was in exile in Paris.[7] His version was heavily modified due to criticisms and the final text was approved by the election in November 1979.[5]

    Following the Iranian revolution, Habibi was named public spokesman for the revolutionary council.[8] He was among the main architects of the first draft of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was later passed for more discussion to an elected Assembly of Experts for Constitution. The assembly made significant changes in the original draft, e.g. by introducing the new position of "leader of the Islamic Republic" based on Khomeini's concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists, which gave almost unlimited power to the clergy. The modified version was approved in a popular referendum in 1979. In the 1980 presidential election, Habibi ran for office, but received only ten percent of the vote against Banisadr's seventy percent.[9] Habibi was backed by Mohammad Beheshti in the election process.[9] In the same year he won a parliamentary seat, being a representative of the Islamic Republican Party.[10]

    Habibi served as the minister of justice under Prime Minister Mousavi. He was first vice president of Iran from 1989 to 2001, eight years under President Rafsanjani and then four years under President Khatami. He was replaced by Mohammad Reza Aref in the post in Khatami's second term. He was also head of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature[11] and a member of the Expediency Council.

    Death

    Habibi died on 31 January 2013. He was buried at the mausoleum of Imam Khomeini in Tehran on 1 February.[12] The funeral service was attended by leading Iranian political figures, including President Ahmedinejad.[12]

    Work

    Habibi is the author of several books, including God (1981), Society, Culture, Politics (1984), Islam and the Crisis of Our Time (1984), In the Mirror Of Rights: Views Of International Rights, Comparative Rights And Sociology (1988), Seeking the Roots (editing & translation) (1994), Casework of An Ages Student (1997), One Word Out Of Thousands (2 vol.) (1998-2001) and General International Rights (2 vol.) (2003).[13]

    Political affiliation

    Habibi was director of the National Front publications in Europe during the 1960s. In the capacity, he was involved in publication and distribution of Payam-e-Daneshjou, organ of the party's student wing.

    Habibi was a member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, before he defected to the Islamic Republican Party after the Iranian Revolution.[14]

    Notes and References

    1. News: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/117746. Iranian Parliament. fa:اعطای نشان عالی استقلال به آقای حسن حبیبی معاون اول رئیس‌جمهور. Endowing the Excellent Order of Independence to Mr. Hassan Habibi, First Vice President. fa. 26 July 1997. 15 April 2016. 4 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210804170539/http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/117746. dead.
    2. News: http://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/06/02/122731/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84. Tasnim News Agency. fa:نشان‌های دولتی در روزهای پایانی خاتمی و احمدی‌نژاد به چه کسانی رسید؟ . fa. 24 August 2013. 15 April 2016.
    3. Web site: http://www.khodnevis.org/persian/permalink/11739.html. fa:همسران حکومتی؛ از حاشیه تا متن. Dana Dabir. 7 March 2011. Khodnevis. fa. Governmental spouses; from the margin to the text. 7 March 2011. dead. https://archive.today/20120804204617/http://www.khodnevis.org/persian/permalink/11739.html. 4 August 2012. dmy-all.
    4. Chehabi. H. E.. Religion and Politics in Iran: How Theocratic Is the Islamic Republic?. Daedalus. Summer 1991. 120. 3. 69–91. 20025388.
    5. Randjbar-Daemi. Siavush. Building the Islamic State: The Draft Constitution of 1979 Reconsidered. Iranian Studies. 2013. 46. 4. 641–663. 10.1080/00210862.2013.784519. 143669454 .
    6. Book: Iran: A Revolutionary Republic in Transition. Institute for Security Studies European Union. Paris. 978-92-9198-198-4. http://www.ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/1_avrupa_birligi/1_9_politikalar/1_9_8_dis_politika/Iran_A_revolutionary_republic_in_transition.pdf. Paola Rivetti. Rouzbeh Parsi. 27 July 2013. Chaillot Papers. Islamic Republic: Shaping Iran's politics through the campus. February 2012.
    7. Akhavi. Shahrough. The Thought and Role of Ayatollah Hossein'ali Montazeri in the Politics of Post-1979 Iran. Iranian Studies. 2008. 41. 5. 645–666. 10.1080/00210860802518301. 143617528 .
    8. Book: Rubin, Barry. Paved with Good Intentions. 1980. Penguin Books. New York. 284. 2 August 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131021121704/http://www.gloria-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Paved-with-Good-Intentions-final.pdf. 21 October 2013. dead.
    9. Rouleau. Eric. Khomenei's Iran. Foreign Affairs. 1980. 59. 1. 1–20. 10.2307/20040651. 20040651.
    10. Book: Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics. 1996. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, FL. 69. Bahman Baktiari. 978-0813014616. 25 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225221621/https://www.questia.com/read/94909658/parliamentary-politics-in-revolutionary-iran-the. dead.
    11. News: Iranologists condemn deliberate distortion of Persian Gulf's name. 6 August 2013. Payvand. 24 December 2004. 18 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818144921/http://www.payvand.com/news/04/dec/1206.html. dead.
    12. News: Iran's former first vice president laid to rest. 6 August 2013. Tehran Times. 1 February 2013. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022529/http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/105310-irans-former-first-vice-president-laid-to-rest. 5 October 2013. dmy-all.
    13. Web site: Dr. Hassan Habibi. Eve Literary Agency. 2 February 2013. dead. https://archive.today/20130221105948/http://www.eveagency.net/authers5.htm. 21 February 2013. dmy-all.
    14. PhD Dissertation. Chehabi. Houchang Esfandiar. 1986. Modernist Shi'ism and Politics: The Liberation Movement of Iran. Yale University. I/II. B0007CAVDC. 544.