| Above: | Harsh |
| Ipa Symbol: | ◌᷽ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ◌᷂ |
| Ipa Symbol3: | (◌ꜝ) |
| Ipa Symbol4: | (◌ꜝꜝ) |
Harsh voice, also called ventricular voice or (in some high-tone registers) pressed voice, is the production of speech sounds (typically vowels) with a constricted laryngeal cavity, which generally involves epiglottal co-articulation. Harsh voice includes the use of the ventricular folds (the false vocal cords) to damp the glottis in a way similar to what happens when a person talks while lifting a heavy load, or, if the sound is voiceless, like clearing one's throat. It contrasts with faucalized voice, which involves the expansion of the larynx.
When the epiglottal co-articulation becomes a trill, the vowels are called strident.
There is no symbol for harsh voice in the IPA. Diacritics seen in the literature include the under-tilde used for creaky voice, which may be appropriate when ambiguity is not a problem,[1] the double under-tilde used as the ad hoc diacritic for strident vowels, which may be allophonic with harsh voice, and an ad hoc underline. In the VoQS, possibly relevant voice-quality symbols are pronounced as // ("harsh voice"), pronounced as // ("ventricular phonation"), and pronounced as // ("pressed phonation/tight voice"), but these are normally only placed on a capital vee for "voice". In VoQS usage, "harsh voice" does not involve vibration of the ventricular folds, while in "pressed" or "tight" voice the arytenoid cartilages adduct so that only the anterior ligamental vocal folds vibrate. The asterisk, IPA for articulations that do not have existing symbols, could also be used: (IPA|◌͙).
The Bai language has both harsh ("pressed") and strident vowels as part of its register system, but they are not contrastive.
The Bor dialect of Dinka has contrastive modal, breathy, faucalized, and harsh voice in its vowels, as well as three tones. (The ad hoc diacritics employed in the source are a subscript double quotation mark for faucalized voice, pronounced as /[a͈]/, and underlining for harsh voice, pronounced as /[a̠]/, a diacritic that indicates retraction in the IPA.) Examples are:
| Phonation | Gloss | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| modal | pronounced as /tɕìt/ | ||
| breathy | pronounced as /tɕì̤t/ | ||
| harsh | pronounced as /tɕì᷽t/ | ||
| faucalized | pronounced as /tɕì͈t/ |