Narrownose chimaera explained

The narrownose chimaera (Harriotta raleighana) is a longnose chimaera of the family Rhinochimaeridae, the longnose chimaeras, consisting of eight species belonging three genera. This species is found in temperate seas worldwide, at depths between 200 and 3,100 m. Its length is between 1.0 and 1.5 m, including a long, tapering snout and a long, filamentous tail.^[1]

Taxonomy

This species was first described by George Brown Goode and Tarleton Hoffman Bean in 1895.^[2] The genus Harriotta refers to Thomas Harriot and the species name references Sir Walter Raleigh.^[3]

Description

Narrownose chimaeras have elongate rostra, slender tails, large pectoral and pelvic fins, large eyes, and two dorsal fins, the first being preceded by a mildly toxic spine.^[4] They possess two pairs of non-replaceable tooth plates in the upper jaw and a one pair in the lower jaw.^[5] Male H. raleighana are estimated to reach and female at maturity, respectively.

Habitat

The narrownose chimaera is found off Nova Scotia and in much of the rest of the Atlantic Ocean,^[6]  and in parts of the Pacific Ocean to depths of 3100 metres. Very little is known of their biology due to their deep water habitats.

Reproduction

Longnose chimaeras are members of the class Chondrichthyes, diverging from their closest relatives (sharks, rays, and skates) approximately 400 million years ago.^[7] Like many other Chondrichthyes, longnose chimaeras reproduce by laying eggs.^[8] Egg cases consist of a central chamber surrounded by a web-like structure. Female longnose chimaeras lay a pair of eggs several times per season.

Conservation status

The IUCN has classified this species as being of least concern. In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the narrownose chimaera as "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.^[9]

Gallery

Notes and References

1. Web site: Freaky winged fish with glowing green eyes mystifies fishermen . Laura Gegel . . 2016-03-22 . 2016-03-23.
2. Goode. G. Brown. Bean. Tarleton H.. 1895. Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. No. XXX. On Harriotta, a new type of chimaeroid fish from the deeper waters of the northwestern Atlantic. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 17. 471–473. 1014. 10.5479/si.00963801.17-1014.471. Biodiversity Heritage Library.
3. Goode . G.B.. Bean. T.H.. 1895. Scientific results of explorations by the US Fish Commission steamer Albatross. No. XXX. On Harriotta, a new type of chimaeroid fish from the deeper waters of the northwestern Atlantic . Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 17. 471–473. 10.5479/si.00963801.17-1014.471.
4. Web site: FAMILY Details for Rhinochimaeridae - Longnose chimaeras . 2020-07-21. www.fishbase.org.
5. Didier, Dominique A. "Phylogeny and classification of extant Holocephali." Biology of sharks and their relatives 4 (2004): 115-138.
6. News: McMillan. Elizabeth. March 7, 2016. Creepy deepwater fish surprises Nova Scotia fisherman. CBC News. July 21, 2020.
7. Web site: Chimaera . 2020-07-21. The Shark Trust. 7 November 2018 . en.
8. Finucci. B.. Dunn. M. R.. Jones. E. G.. Anderson. J.. 2017-02-01. Reproductive biology of the two deep-sea chimaerids, longnose spookfish (Harriotta raleighana) and Pacific spookfish (Rhinochimaera pacifica) . Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. en. 120. 76–87. 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.11.008. 2017DSRI..120...76F. 0967-0637.
9. Book: Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016. Duffy. Clinton A. J. . Francis . Malcolm. Dunn. M. R. . Finucci . Brit . Ford . Richard. Hitchmough. Rod. Rolfe. Jeremy. Department of Conservation. 2018. 9781988514628. Wellington, New Zealand . 10. 1042901090.