| Harold Robertson Heaton | |
| Nationality: | American |
| Birth Date: | January 19, 1861 |
| Birth Place: | Salem, Illinois, U.S. |
| Death Date: | Circa 1939-1940 |
| Occupation: | Cartoonist, actor |
| Education: | St. Louis School of Fine Arts |
| Yearsactive: | Cartoonist 1887-1914 Actor 1899-1932 |
Harold Robertson Heaton (born January 19, 1861)[1] was a newspaper artist whose work focused on cartoons. His prodigious body of work contributed to the development of political cartoons. He also illustrated books and produced sketches and paintings. He left newspaper work in 1899 to begin acting on the stage, and later wrote plays as well. He returned to cartooning for six years beginning in 1908, but continued acting while doing so. He appeared in many Broadway productions through 1932. A brief retrospective on his employment with the Chicago Tribune, from October 1942, mentioned his obituary had been printed "a few years ago".[2]
Born in Salem, Illinois, he was the son of Charles Heaton, a civil engineer from England, and Amy Robertson from Missouri.[3] [4] [5] Although born in Illinois, he spent much of his childhood in New York,[6] before moving to St. Louis. As a boy and young man he went by "Harry Heaton".
He attended the St. Louis School of Fine Arts then worked on the Missouri Republican in St. Louis. In 1887 he was the first artist hired by the Chicago Daily Tribune,[7] where he later headed the illustration department.
The first drawings Heaton prepared for the Tribune were done using the "chalk plate" method[8] at his own home. This gave way to the zinc etching method by the end of 1887. One drawing of the still incomplete but newly opened Auditorium Building for the 1888 Republican National Convention was reprinted fifty years later by the Tribune as an example of Heaton's skill.
Heaton's illustrations became some of the newspaper's most popular features, and his work was presented on the front page soon after he began working for the Tribune. During the 1890s he signed his newspaper artwork as "HRH", which led to the nickname "His Royal Highness". In 1893, he produced illustrated weekly commentaries on the World's Columbian Exposition. The newspaper had him continue the Events of the Week drawings long after the exposition closed, and later published annual compilations in book form.[9] These "pen pictures" as the Tribune labelled them were a series of contiguous panels, a bit like a comic strip, though without a continuous storyline. Only the central panel bore the "HRH" signature. Besides drawing, Heaton also delivered lectures on newspaper illustrating to professional societies and social groups.[10] [11] During the later years of the 1890s he also started taking part in amateur theatricals.[12] Heaton left the newspaper in the Fall of 1899 to pursue a stage career.[13]
In the fall of 1908 Heaton re-entered journalism by joining The Inter Ocean as an editorial cartoonist. Although his cartoons with The Inter Ocean began as wide-ranging commentaries on current events, he found his niche within the world of Chicago politics. His cartoons developed a particular focus on Chicago Mayor Fred Busse and State's Attorney John E. Wayman. For this time period, he signed his work as "Harold Heaton" and often inserted a small crow into drawings as a trademark.[14] He gave a lecture on newspaper illustration to the Illinois Woman's Press Association in 1910,[15] and with other newspaper cartoonists contributed drawings to the Actors' Fund Day special program, distributed in Chicago theaters on April 17, 1914.[16]
At first appearing on the front page, his daily cartoon was moved to the editorial page 3 in later years. One cartoon, called "Merely a Passenger", won acclaim from a national group of bankers meeting in Washington, D.C. to lobby Congress for financial reform.[17] However, a retrospective by a Chicago Tribune writer many years later claimed that though Heaton had good ideas, his style while at The Inter Ocean was out of date. His last drawing for the newspaper appeared on April 25, 1914, when the paper was already in receivership.[18]
Although best known for his cartoons and drawings for newspapers, Heaton was also an accomplished artist in both black-and-white sketches and water-color landscapes. He traveled a great deal for the latter, with pictures from Maine, Florida, and Tangier being noted at a Chicago exhibition in 1900.[19] Heaton also traveled to Spain and Morocco for a book illustrating assignment in the early 1890s, and had several illustrations for magazine stories published during 1893–1895. His black-and-white pictures were favorably received at the Chicago Society of Artists annual exhibitions at the Athenæum.[20] [21] His artwork of all types was annually on exhibition at Anderson's Art Gallery and O'Brien's Art Gallery.[22] [23]
With the death of his mother in January 1899, Heaton decided to give up newspaper work for acting. An interviewer, visiting him in August 1899, was told if he'd come "a month hence, you wouldn't have found me here". Heaton expressed frustration with his inability to break into magazine illustration, saying a newspaper artist was typecast by publishers. According to Heaton, he'd wanted to quit newspaper work four years previously, but had his mother living with him.
William Gillette cast Heaton in Sherlock Holmes as Sir Edward Leighton, a role he would play from the play's first tryout in Buffalo, New York during October 1899[24] through its Broadway run[25] up to its final tour in Boston during March 1901.[26] When Gillette went to London with Sherlock Holmes, Heaton was again part of the cast, but he stayed on in England after the play closed.[27] He spent a year in the United Kingdom with the James Welch company, playing at the Comedy Theatre in the West End of London and on tour in England and Wales with The New Clown.[28] [29]
Heaton's next stage work was for the American version of J. M. Barrie's The Admirable Crichton, which opened in November 1903.[30] After it closed in March 1904, he formed a three-person troupe,[31] Harold Heaton & Company, which played a one-act farce of his own writing called The Rat on a vaudeville circuit.[32] [33] Heaton then joined the touring company for The Admirable Crichton starting in October 1904.[34]
Heaton was again cast by William Gillette for a revival of Sherlock Holmes in March 1905.[35] Heaton also wrote another one-act play, In the Artist's Studio, for Jessie Busley to use in vaudeville.[36] He then joined Lawrence D'Orsay's troupe for the tryouts and Broadway run of The Embassy Ball in early 1906.[37] [38]
The first full-length play Heaton wrote was this three-act comedy. Lady Jim had been purchased by Walter N. Lawrence in March 1906[39] as a vehicle for Hilda Spong,[40] with rehearsals starting in August.[41] Heaton and George Forster Platt staged the play, which featured Antoinette Perry.[42] The play premiered on August 28, 1906, at Weber's Theatre.
The reception was severe; writing, staging, and acting all came in for criticism, with only the set design escaping censure.[43] [44] The New York Times was harsh and personal, asserting that "Harold Heaton" must be a nom de plume for a naive young girl, and disparaging Hilda Spong's acting.[45] Despite some rewriting by Heaton and the producer, the show closed on September 19, 1906. Heaton spent the remainder of 1906 and part of 1907 on tour with The Embassy Ball.[46] [47] In early 1908 he played a role in a Julia Marlowe revival of When Knighthood Was in Flower.[48]
During the second half of 1908, Heaton took a position with The Inter Ocean as cartoonist. His acting slowed for several years, but he still took part in Chicago-based performances. Some were for benefits,[49] another was a work called The Stolen Story, where the cast consisted of real newspapermen from Chicago papers.[50] In 1911 he performed in a musical comedy called The Heart Breakers by Frank R. Adams and Will M. Hough, with songs by Harold Orlob and Melville Gideon, that ran for seven weeks.[51] His cartoons, meanwhile, continued to appear in The Inter Ocean. By late April 1914, however, the newspaper was failing financially and Heaton's cartoons for it stopped.
For the next year Heaton continued to live in Chicago, appearing in and staging amateur productions for a variety of clubs, social groups, and Chautauqua assemblies. Sometime in 1915 he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where he became active in the Little Theater movement there. He gave lectures at the Schuster-Martin School of Drama and staged plays at the attached Little Playhouse Company. In April 1916 he joined the touring Redpath Chautauqua,[52] for which he wrote a new one-act play, Account Overdue (1916).[53]
After several years with professional touring companies, Heaton returned to Broadway in 1920 with The Guest of Honor.[54] William Hodge wrote and starred in it, and caught the full brunt of Heywood Broun's merciless review. Despite the savaging, the play lasted two months on Broadway then went on tour. At Chicago, critic Percy Hammond commiserated with Heaton's character losing the girl to the star, saying it was "no reward for a pleasant actor and a reformed cartoonist".[55] Heaton's next Broadway role was in The Fan, which starred Helen Spong, who had evidently forgiven him for Lady Jim.[56] He spent three years playing revivals with touring companies, before landing a character role in the Broadway version of Mozart in November 1926.[57]
Heaton was then cast in two more Broadway plays, both involving Zoe Akins. For The Crown Prince in 1927, Akins adapted a play by Ernest Vajda from the Hungarian.[58] The popular success, The Greeks Had a Word for It, was written by Akins in 1930. By this time Heaton was sixty-nine years-old, and relegated to a feature role, as he would be in Three Times the Hour in 1931.[59]
Heaton was a featured player in two Broadway productions during the first half of 1932, Happy Landing[60] and The Boy Friend,[61] [62] both of which lasted less than a month.
His last known acting work was for a play called Cain's Sister.[63] It had a three-day tryout starting September 29, 1932 at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, followed by a one-week tryout at the Broad Street Theatre in Newark, New Jersey.[64] The producer then retired the play "for revision".[65]
When he applied for a passport in April 1891, he was recorded as being 5'11.5" (181.6 cm) tall, with grayish-blue eyes and dark brown hair. The art critic James William Pattison said Heaton was tall and a clever "joke-maker". Besides drawing, painting, and acting, Heaton also played the piano,[66] and wrote poetry.[67] He had an active social life in 1890's Chicago, attending parties, balls, and the opera with such notables as Mrs. Fiske and Marshall Field.[68] [69] He was described by a reporter as "one of the pleasantest men I ever met, and surely one of the most versatile artists who ever worked on a metropolitan newspaper". He was a member of The Savage Club, a Chicago-based professional men's social club,[70] and as late as 1932 was elected president of the Cartoonists' Club of Chicago.[71]
| Year | Play | Role | Venue | Notes/Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1899 | Sherlock Holmes | Sir Edward Leighton | Garrick Theatre Touring company | His first professional acting job ran from 1899 to 1901 with William Gillette's company. |
| 1901 | Brother Officers | Captain Hutchinson | Lyceum Theatre | Heaton had joined the Lyceum Theatre stock company in Rochester, New York.[76] |
| Lord Chumley | Winterbottom | Lyceum Theatre | Heaton received mild praise for this and his previous work at the Lyceum.[77] | |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Tom Loker | Lyceum Theatre | [78] | |
| 1902 | The New Clown | Capt. Jack Trent | Touring company Comedy Theatre | Heaton was with the James Welch company, which included Estelle Winwood, for a year. |
| 1903 | The Admirable Crichton | Rev. John Treherne | Wieting Opera House Lyceum Theatre | After a tryout in Syracuse, J. M. Barrie's play came to Broadway in November 1903. |
| 1904 | The Rat | Jack Martin | Vaudeville circuit | Heaton's first known play, a one-act farce, performed by his own company. |
| The Admirable Crichton | Rev. John Treherne | Touring company | William Gillette and the Broadway cast started the tour in Buffalo. | |
| 1905 | Sherlock Holmes | Lightfoot McTeague | Empire Theatre | Revival by William Gillette. |
| 1906 | The Embassy Ball | Eugene Lewis | Daly's Theatre Touring company | Heaton was in the Broadway run and touring company for this three-act play by Augustus Thomas. |
| 1907 | The Music Lesson | Vaudeville circuit | Heaton starred in this one-act play, which he performed well into 1908. | |
| 1908 | When Knighthood Was in Flower | Sir Edwin Caskoden | This was at least the third revival by Julia Marlowe of the Paul Kester play. | |
| 1909 | The Stolen Story | Himself | ||
| The Greatest Gift | People's Theater | Written by Charles W. Collins, drama critic for The Inter Ocean. | ||
| 1911 | The Heart Breakers | Soldier | Princess Theater | Musical comedy starred Sallie Fisher and George Damerel. |
| 1913 | Dressing for Dinner | Wilson Avenue Theater | Heaton starred in a revival of his own one-act play, with Ella Malinrose. | |
| 1918 | Alan Intrudes | Memorial Hall | Three-act comedy by Heaton; he also staged and performed in it. | |
| Passers-By | Peter Waverton | Montauk Theatre | Heaton played the lead in this revival of a four-act comedy by C. Haddon Chambers.[79] | |
| Eyes of Youth | Robert Goring | Touring Company | ||
| 1919 | The Mood of the Moon | Touring company | Written by Cleave Kinkead.[80] | |
| 1920 | The Guest of Honor | Robert Thisby | Broadhurst Theatre Touring company | |
| 1921 | The Fan | Jacques de Landeve | Punch and Judy Theatre | Adapted by Pitts Duffield from L'éventail by Robert de Flers and G. A. De Caillavet. |
| 1922 | Enter Madame | Gerald FitzGerald | Corinthian Theatre | Heaton was the male lead, playing the husband of an Italian diva.[81] |
| 1923 | The Bat | Reginald Berenford | Touring company | |
| 1926 | Mozart | Grimbaud | Music Box Theatre | |
| 1927 | The Crown Prince | Adjutant Von Stucken | Forrest Theatre | |
| 1930 | The Greeks Had a Word for It | Jones | Sam H. Harris Theatre | A popular success that ran for 263 performances, from September 1930 through to May 1931. |
| 1931 | Three Times the Hour | John | Avon Theatre | |
| 1932 | Happy Landing | Robert Willis Granville | Forty-Sixth Street Theatre | Comedy about an amateur aviator, by John B. Hymer and William E. Barry, featured Margaret Sullavan. |
| The Boy Friend | Butler | Morosco Theatre | Melodramtic nightclub farce about chorus girls, gangsters, and reporters, by John Montague. | |
| Cain's Sister | Shubert Theatre Broad Street Theatre | Written by Leila Wells and staged by Jacob Ben-Ami, it starred Gale Sondergaard and Walter Armitage. | ||