Haplogroup R0 Explained

R0
Origin-Date:23,600 to 54,900 YBP[1]
Origin-Place:Middle East
Ancestor:R
Descendants:R0a, HV
Mutations:73, 11719[2]

Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV[3]) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an ancestral clade to the R0a subclade and haplogroup HV, and is therefore antecedent to the haplogroups H and V.

R0's greater subclade variety in the Arabian Peninsula suggests that the clade originated in and spread from there.

R0a is believed to have evolved in Ice Age oases in South Arabia around 22,000 years ago. The subclade would then have spread from there with the onset of the Late Glacial period circa 15,000 ybp.

Distribution

Haplogroup R0 has been found in around 55% of osteological remains belonging to the Eneolithic Trypillia culture.[4]

The R0 clade has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens at the Taforalt and Afalou prehistoric sites, which date from the Epipaleolithic. Among the Taforalt individuals, around 17% of the observed haplotypes belonged to various R0 subclades, including R0a1a (3/24; 13%) and R0a2c (1/24; 4%). Among the Afalou individuals, one R0a1a haplotype was detected (1/9; 11%).[5]

R0 has likewise been observed among mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods.[6]

The 3rd century AD Catholic Church Saint, Fortunato of Serracapriola, was also found to carry the R0a'b subclade.

R0 today occurs commonly in the Arabian peninsula, with its highest frequency observed nearby among the Soqotri (40.7%).[7] The Soqotri also have the greatest R0 subclade diversity.[8] The clade is likewise found at high frequencies among the Kalash in South Asia (23%).[9] Additionally, moderate frequencies of R0 occur in Northeast Africa, Anatolia, the Iranian Plateau and Dalmatia. The haplogroup has been observed among Chad Arabs (19%),[10] Sudanese Copts (13.8%),[11] Tigrais (13.6%),[7] Somalis (13.3%),[7] Oromos (13.3%),[7] Afar (12.5%),[7] Amhara (11.5%),[7] Gurage (10%),[7] Reguibate Sahrawi (9.26%; 0.93% R0a and 8.33% R0a1a),[12] Gaalien (9%),[11] Beja (8.3%),[11] Nubians (8%),[7] Arakien (5.9%),[11] Yemenis (5.1–27.7%),[7] Iraqis (4.8%),[7] Druze (4.3%),[7] Palestinians (4%),[7] Algerians (1.67%),[12] and Saudis (0–25%).[7]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock. 2009. 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. 19500773. Soares. P. Ermini. L. Thomson. N. Mormina. M. Rito. T. Röhl. A. Salas. A. Oppenheimer. S. MacAulay. V. Richards. Martin B.. 84. 6. 740–59. 2694979. American Journal of Human Genetics. 8.
  2. Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human Mutation. 13 Oct 2008. Mannis. van Oven. Manfred Kayser. 30. 2. E386–E394. 10.1002/humu.20921. 18853457 . 27566749. free.
  3. http://www.familytreedna.com/hclade2.html Haplogroup H Sub-clades
  4. Nikitin . Alexey G. . Mykhailo P. . Sokhatsky . Mykola M. . Kovaliukh . Mykhailo Y. . Videiko . Comprehensive Site Chronology and Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis from Verteba Cave – a Trypillian Culture Site of Eneolithic Ukraine . Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica - Natural Sciences in Archaeology . 1–2 . 9–18 . Archaeological Centre Olomouc, Government Funded Organisation . 14 April 2011 . 10.24916/iansa.2011.1.1 . 14 May 2013 . free .
  5. Kefi, Rym. etal. On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations. Mitochondrial DNA Part A. 2018. 29. 1. 147–157. 10.1080/24701394.2016.1258406. 28034339. 4490910.
  6. Schuenemann, Verena J.. etal. Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods. Nature Communications. 2017. 8. 15694. 28556824. 10.1038/ncomms15694. 5459999. 2017NatCo...815694S.
  7. Non . Amy . 2010 . Analyses of Genetic Data Within An Interdisciplinary Framework to Investigate Recent Human Evolutionary History and Complex Disease . PhD dissertation . University of Florida . 6 April 2023.
  8. Černý, Viktor. Out of Arabia—the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2009. 138. 4. 439–447. 12 June 2016. etal. 10.1002/ajpa.20960. 19012329. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161006125303/http://ychrom.invint.net/upload/iblock/f30/Cerny%202009%20Out%20of%20ArabiarusThe%20Settlement%20of%20Island%20Soqotra%20as%20Revealed%20by%20Mitochondrial%20and%20Y.pdf. 6 October 2016.
  9. Quintana-Murci . Lluís . vanc . 2004 . Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor. . American Journal of Human Genetics . 74 . 5 . 827–45 . 10.1086/383236 . 15077202 . 1181978 . etal . 2009-08-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091123011512/http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/AJHG2004.pdf . 2009-11-23 . dead .
  10. Cerezo, María. etal. New insights into the Lake Chad Basin population structure revealed by high-throughput genotyping of mitochondrial DNA coding SNPs. PLOS ONE. 2011. 6. 4. 10.1371/journal.pone.0018682. 21533064. e18682. 3080428. 2011PLoSO...618682C. 10.1.1.291.8871. free.
  11. Web site: Mohamed. Hisham Yousif Hassan. Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan. University of Khartoum. 16 April 2016. 10 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201110063820/http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/handle/123456789/6376/restricted-resource?bitstreamId=11199. dead.
  12. Asmahan Bekada . Lara R. Arauna . Tahria Deba . Francesc Calafell . Soraya Benhamamouch . David Comas . Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations. PLOS ONE. September 24, 2015. 10. 9. 10.1371/journal.pone.0138453. 26402429 . 4581715 . e0138453. 2015PLoSO..1038453B . free .
    S5 Table
  13. Viktor Černý . Connie J. Mulligan . Verónica Fernandes . etal . Internal diversification of mitochondrial haplogroup R0a reveals post-last glacial maximum demographic expansions in South Arabia. Molecular Biology and Evolution. January 2011. 28. 71–78 . 10.1093/molbev/msq178 . 20643865 .
  14. Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi . Allah Rakha . Khushbukhat Khan . Tanveer Akhtar . Current pool of ultimate collection of mitochondrial DNA from remnants of Kalash . Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 2021. 6 . 8 . 2412 (Table 1) . 10.1080/23802359.2021.1952119 . 34345711 . 8284132 .
  15. Francesca Gandini . Alessandro Achilli . Maria Pala . Martin Bodner . Stefania Brandini . Gabriela Huber . Balazs Egyed . Luca Ferretti . Alberto Gómez-Carballa . Antonio Salas . Rosaria Scozzari . Fulvio Cruciani . Alfredo Coppa . Walther Parson . Ornella Semino . Pedro Soares . Antonio Torroni . Martin B. Richards . Anna Olivieri . Mapping human dispersals into the Horn of Africa from Arabian Ice Age refugia using mitogenomes. Scientific Reports. 5 May 2016. 6. 10.1038/srep25472. 25472 . 27146119 . 4857117. 2016NatSR...625472G .
  16. Fatma A. Aljasmi . Ranjit Vijayan . Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari . Abdul-Kader Souid . etal . Genomic Landscape of the Mitochondrial Genome in the United Arab Emirates Native Population . Genes . August 2020 . 11 . 8 . 876 . 10.3390/genes11080876 . 32752197 . 7464197 . free .
  17. Fatma A. Aljasmi . Ranjit Vijayan . Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari . Abdul-Kader Souid . etal . Genomic Landscape of the Mitochondrial Genome in the United Arab Emirates Native Population . Genes . August 2020 . 11 . 8 . 876 . 10.3390/genes11080876 . 32752197 . 7464197 . free .
  18. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 86. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843.
  19. Joana F. Ferragut . Cristian Ramon . Jose A. Castro . António Amorim . L. Alvarez . A. Picornell . Middle Eastern genetic legacy in the paternal and maternal gene pools of Chuetas . Scientific Reports . 8 December 2020 . 10 . 1 . 21428 . 10.1038/s41598-020-78487-9 . 33293675 . 7722846 . 2020NatSR..1021428F . 10216/145245 . free .
  20. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 87. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843.
  21. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 86–87. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843.
  22. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 87. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843.
  23. Khushbukhat Khan . Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi . etal . Mitochondrial DNA control region variants analysis in Balti population of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan . Meta Gene . February 2020 . 23 . 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100630 . 209561126 .
  24. Book: Brook, Kevin Alan. 88–89. 2022. The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. 978-1644699843.

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