Haplogroup Q-M346 Explained

Q-M346
Origin-Date:24,100-27,900 BP
Origin-Place:Eurasia
Ancestor:Q-MEH2
Descendants:Q-L54, Q-M323
Mutations:L56, L57, M346

Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Origin and distribution

Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.[1] A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,[2] but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,[3] Europe and the Americas.[4]

Asia

Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.[5] [6] [7] [8]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Altaians (Russia - Siberia) Malyarchuk 2011 23/89~25.8%M346
Khakas peopleKhakassians (Russia - Siberia) Malyarchuk 2011 4/64~6.3%M346
Todjins (Russia - Siberia) Malyarchuk 2011 10/26~38.5%M346
Tuvinians (Russia - Siberia) Malyarchuk 2011 41/108~38.0%M346
Soyot/Sojots (Russia - Siberia) Malyarchuk 2011 2/28~7.1%M346
Malyarchuk 2011 1/60~1.7%M346
Sengupta 2006 1/21~4.76%M346
Sengupta 2006 1/20~5.00%M346
Sengupta 2006 2/21~5.00%M346
Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh, India) Sengupta 2006 1/14~7.14%M346
Vellalar (South India) Sengupta 2006 1/31~3.23%M346
Abu-Amero 2009 3/176~1.70%M346
Kazakhs (Southwest Altai)Dulik 2011 1/30~3.33%M346
Chelkan (Russia - Siberia)]Dulik 2012 15/25~60.00%M346
Tubalar Russia - Siberia]Dulik 2012 10/27~37.00%M346

The Americas

In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.[9]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Bailliet 2009 7/24~29.20%M346
Bailliet 2009 2/9~22.20%M346
Bailliet 2009 1/120~0.80%M346
Bailliet 2009 2/40~5.00%M346
Bailliet 2009 1/26~3.80%M346
Bailliet 2009 3/72~4.80%M346
Bailliet 2009 1/156~0.60%M346
Bailliet 2009 1/26~3.80%M346
Bailliet 2009 1/29~3.40%M346
Bailliet 2009 4/72~5.50%M346

Associated SNPs

Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.[10]

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn's—of the Genomic Research Center—draft tree, Proposed Tree, for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.[10]

See also

Y-DNA backbone tree

External links

Notes and References

  1. 10.1086/499411 . Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists . 2006 . Sengupta . Sanghamitra . Zhivotovsky . Lev A. . King . Roy . Mehdi . S.Q. . Edmonds . Christopher A. . Chow . Cheryl-Emiliane T. . Lin . Alice A. . Mitra . Mitashree . Sil . Samir K. . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 78 . 2 . 202–21 . 16400607 . 1380230 .
  2. 10.1186/1471-2148-7-232 . A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India . 2007 . Sharma . Swarkar . Rai . Ekta . Bhat . Audesh K . Bhanwer . Amarjit S . Bamezai . Rameshwar NK . BMC Evolutionary Biology . 7 . 1 . 232 . 18021436 . 2258157 . 2007BMCEE...7..232S . free .
  3. 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 . Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions . 2009 . Abu-Amero . Khaled K . Hellani . Ali . González . Ana M . Larruga . Jose M . Cabrera . Vicente M . Underhill . Peter A . BMC Genetics . 10 . 59 . 19772609 . 2759955 . free .
  4. 10.1002/ajpa.21133 . Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America . 2009 . Bailliet . Graciela . Ramallo . Virginia . Muzzio . Marina . García . Angelina . Santos . María R. . Alfaro . Emma L. . Dipierri . José E. . Salceda . Susana . Carnese . Francisco R. . American Journal of Physical Anthropology . 140 . 3 . 578–82 . 19591214 .
  5. 10.1038/jhg.2011.64 . Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a . 2011 . Malyarchuk . Boris . Derenko . Miroslava . Denisova . Galina . Maksimov . Arkady . Wozniak . Marcin . Grzybowski . Tomasz . Dambueva . Irina . Zakharov . Ilya . Journal of Human Genetics . 56 . 8 . 583–8 . 21677663. free .
  6. K. Abu-Amero. Khaled. Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions. BMC Genetics. 2009. 10. 10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. 19772609. 2759955. 59. etal . free .
  7. 10.1371/journal.pone.0017548 . Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions . 2011 . Kayser . Manfred . Dulik . Matthew C. . Osipova . Ludmila P. . Schurr . Theodore G. . PLOS ONE . 6 . 3 . e17548 . 21412412 . 3055870. 2011PLoSO...617548D . free .
  8. 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014 . Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians . 2012 . Dulik . Matthew C. . Zhadanov . Sergey I. . Osipova . Ludmila P. . Askapuli . Ayken . Gau . Lydia . Gokcumen . Omer . Rubinstein . Samara . Schurr . Theodore G. . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 90 . 2 . 229–46 . 22281367 . 3276666.
  9. 10.1002/ajhb.21173 . Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans . 2011 . Bisso-Machado . Rafael . Jota . Marilza S. . Ramallo . Virginia . Paixão-Côrtes . Vanessa R. . Lacerda . Daniela R. . Salzano . Francisco M. . Bonatto . Sandro L. . Santos . Fabrício R. . Bortolini . Maria Cátira . American Journal of Human Biology . 23 . 4 . 563–6 . 21544893 . 8730722 .
  10. Web site: FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree) . Krahn . Thomas . ytree.ftdna.com . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150815071342/http://ytree.ftdna.com/index.php?name=Draft . 2015-08-15 .

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