Haplogroup H10e (mtDNA) explained

Haplogroup H10e is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup. It is defined by mutation C16221T. It is between 5,700[1] and 7,000 years old.[2]

Origins

According to Behar et al., the woman who founded this line was estimated to have lived between 2,400 and 7,000 years ago. From a neolithic burial at the Bom Santo cave (near Lisbon/Portugal), however, we know that H10e existed already at 3735 BCE ± 45 years. Hence H10e is at least 5,753 years old.

Almost a thousand years later an H10e find was associated with a Corded Ware Culture burial in Eulau. The site Eulau, Burgenlandkreis, is located in the valley of the Saale river in Germany. What is interesting to note in this context, is that H10e was first found at the Bom Santo cave which is located near the epicenter of the birth of the Bell Beaker culture. Then the find at Eulau was geographically located at the boundary between the Bell Beaker area of influence and the Corded Ware Culture area of influence. Therefore, we may see evidence that some women of Bell Beaker ethnic origin became part of the Corded Ware Culture.[3]

Descendant branches

Haplogroup H10e has currently three descendent branches, namely H10e1, H10e2 and H10e3, that are recognized by PhyloTree.[4] [5] Additional branches, from H10e4 through H10e9, were named by YFull.[6]

Archeological record

Haplogroup H10e has been found at a neolithic site, namely the Bom Santo cave near Lisbon, Portugal. This is the oldest sample of H10 which has ever been found and it has been dated to about 3735 BCE (± 45 years). Out of 14 individuals analyzed there was only a single sample belonging to haplogroup H, namely a migrant male belonging to haplogroup H10e.

In 2008 mitochondrial DNA was extracted from a gravesite in Eulau (2,600 BCE) which has been associated with the Corded Ware Culture. Haplogroup H10e was found in one individual out of nine tested.[7]

Furthermore, H10e has been found in a 10th-century sample from a male individual buried at the Zvonimirovo cemetery site in Croatia.[8]

There is also a strong Viking component with this haplogroup. The following samples from Scandianavia of the Viking age have all been associated with H10e:[9]

Viking era archeological samples of H10e from Scandinavia!Country!Age!Region!Sex!mtDNA Haplogroup!Laboratory ID
Sweden900-1050 ADGotlandMaleH10eGotland_Kopparsvik-212/65
Denmark850-900 ADSealandFemaleH10e1Denmark_Lejre Grav 804
Estonia8th century ADSaaremaaMaleH10eEstonia_Salme_I-7
Estonia8th century ADSaaremaaMaleH10eEstonia_Salme_II-K
H10e has been found twice at the medieval Tuukkala archeological site in Finland. The Tuukkala site is located in north eastern Finland and has been dated to 1200 AD – 1400 AD. Two individuals (TU631 and TU645) both shared the same H10e-haplotype.[10]

GenBank samples

The following sequences that are informative of the past and present distributions of haplogroup H10e are among those that are part of the public database GenBank.

HaplogroupGenBank IDPopulationSource
H10eHQ662520FrenchFamilyTreeDNA
H10eJX153206FinlandRaule 2014
>Raule. 2014. Nicola. Sevini. Federica. Li. Shengting. Barbieri. Annalaura. Tallaro. Federica. Lomartire. Laura. Vianello. Dario. Montesanto. Alberto. etal. The co-occurrence of mtDNA mutations on different oxidative phosphorylation subunits, not detected by haplogroup analysis, affects human longevity and is population specific. Aging Cell. 13. 3. 401–407. 10.1111/acel.12186 . 24341918. 4326891 . |-|H10e||JX153631||Finland||Raule 2014|-|H10e||JX171093||Finland||Soini 2012[11] |-|H10e||KF161060||Denmark||Li 2014[12] |-|H10e||KF161301||Denmark||Li 2014|-|H10e||KF162739||Denmark||Li 2014|-|H10e||KM576763||Swedish||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e||KY670894||Russia||Malyarchuk 2017[13] |-|H10e||MF070512||Swedish||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e||MG009577||English||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e||MN540515||ancient Finland||Översti 2019|-|H10e||MN540519||ancient Finland||Översti 2019|-|H10e||MN888511||Germany||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e||MT232751||English||YSEQ|-|H10e||OR438625||Poland||Piotrowska-Nowak 2023[14] |-|H10e1a||OM194244||Kazakh||Askapuli 2022[15] |-|H10e1d||PP974320||Belarus||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e1d||KF162232||Denmark||Li 2014|-|H10e1d||KF162434||Denmark||Li 2014|-|H10e2||HM101252||English||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e2||KF162694||Denmark||Li 2014|-|H10e2||MG646161||Poland||Piotrowska-Nowak 2019[16] |-|H10e2||OR438506||Poland||Piotrowska-Nowak 2023[14] |-|H10e3||MF464490||Russian||FamilyTreeDNA|-|H10e3||MZ846245||Shetland||Dulias 2022[17] |-|H10e3||MZ846248||Shetland||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3||MZ846250||Shetland||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3||MZ846346||Shetland||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3||MZ846703||Shetland||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||KF162333||Denmark||Li 2014|-|H10e3a||MZ846610||Shetland||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ846743||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ846755||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ846781||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847073||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847222||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847226||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847710||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847741||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847750||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|H10e3a||MZ847752||Orkney||Dulias 2022|-|}

Prominent members of H10e

Pierre Terrail (1473 – 30 April 1524), seigneur de Bayard, the legendary medieval French knight "without fear and beyond reproach", is thought to have carried mtDNA haplogroup H10e. This has been determined by DNA-testing both his exhumed remains and DNA-matching with living relatives on the maternal line.[18]

Marguerite de Baugé, dame de Mirabel (1200–1252), is an ancestor of Pierre Terrail and the presently oldest known member of H10e with an unbroken genealogical tree on the maternal line up the present.[19]

Notes and References

  1. Book: de Carvalho, António Faustino . vanc . Bom Santo cave (Lisbon) and the middle neolithic societies of southern Portugal . 2014 . Universidade do Algarve . 9789899766631 . Faro . 946308166 .
  2. Behar DM, van Oven M, Rosset S, Metspalu M, Loogväli EL, Silva NM, Kivisild T, Torroni A, Villems R . A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root . American Journal of Human Genetics . 90 . 4 . 675–84 . April 2012 . 22482806 . 3322232 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002 .
  3. Brotherton P, Haak W, Templeton J, Brandt G, Soubrier J, Jane Adler C, Richards SM, Der Sarkissian C, Ganslmeier R, Friederich S, Dresely V, van Oven M, Kenyon R, Van der Hoek MB, Korlach J, Luong K, Ho SY, Quintana-Murci L, Behar DM, Meller H, Alt KW, Cooper A . Neolithic mitochondrial haplogroup H genomes and the genetic origins of Europeans . En . Nature Communications . 4 . 1 . 1764 . 2013-04-23 . 23612305 . 3978205 . 10.1038/ncomms2656 . 2013NatCo...4.1764. .
  4. Web site: PhyloTree.org - mtDNA tree Build 17 (18 Feb 2016): subtree R0 .
  5. News: H10e. Canada. Rebekah. vanc. 2016-06-06. Haplogroup. 2018-10-12. en-US. 2019-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20190803040348/https://haplogroup.org/mtdna/rsrs/l123456/l23456/l2346/l346/l34/l3/n/r/r0/hv/h/h10/h10e/. dead.
  6. https://www.yfull.com/mtree/H10e/ YFull MTree 1.02.21282 (as of 13 January 2024)
  7. Haak W, Brandt G, de Jong HN, Meyer C, Ganslmeier R, Heyd V, Hawkesworth C, Pike AW, Meller H, Alt KW . Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 105 . 47 . 18226–31 . November 2008 . 19015520 . 2587582 . 10.1073/pnas.0807592105 . 2008PNAS..10518226H . free .
  8. Csősz A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Csákyová V, Langó P, Bódis V, Köhler K, Tömöry G, Nagy M, Mende BG . Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10(th) Century AD Hungarians . En . Scientific Reports . 6 . 1 . 33446 . September 2016 . 27633963 . 5025779 . 10.1038/srep33446 . 2016NatSR...633446C .
  9. Willerslev. Eske. Werge. Thomas. Nielsen. Rasmus. Kristiansen. Kristian. Hedeager. Lotte. Sindbæk. Søren. Bill. Jan. Allentoft. Morten. Gilbert. M. Thomas. 2019-07-17. Population genomics of the Viking world. bioRxiv. 585. 7825. en. 390–396. 10.1101/703405. 32939067. free. 10852/83989. free.
  10. Översti. Sanni. Majander. Kerttu. Salmela. Elina. Salo. Kati. Arppe. Laura. Belskiy. Stanislav. Etu-Sihvola. Heli. Laakso. Ville. Mikkola. Esa. Pfrengle. Saskia. Putkonen. Mikko. 2019-11-15. Human mitochondrial DNA lineages in Iron-Age Fennoscandia suggest incipient admixture and eastern introduction of farming-related maternal ancestry. Scientific Reports. en. 9. 1. 16883. 10.1038/s41598-019-51045-8. 31729399. 6858343. 2019NatSR...916883O. 2045-2322.
  11. Soini. Heidi K.. Moilanen. Jukka S.. Finnila. Saara. Majamaa. Kari. 2012. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Finnish patients with matrilineal diabetes mellitus. BMC Research Notes. 5. 350. 22780954. 10.1186/1756-0500-5-350. free . 3434112 .
  12. Li. Shengting. Besenbacher. Soren. Li. Yingrui. Kristiansen. Karsten. Grarup. Niels. Albrechtsen. Anders. Sparsø. Thomas. Korneliussen. Thorfinn. etal. 2014. Variation and association to diabetes in 2000 full mtDNA sequences mined from an exome study in a Danish population. European Journal of Human Genetics. 22. 8. 1040–1045. 24448545. 10.1038/ejhg.2013.282. 4350597 .
  13. Malyarchuk. Boris. Litvinov. Andrey. Derenko. Miroslava. Skonieczna. Katarzyna. Grzybowski. Tomasz. Grosheva. Aleksandra. Shneider. Yuri. Rychkov. Sergei. Zhukova. Olga. 2017. 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.06.003. Mitogenomic diversity in Russians and Poles. Forensic Science International. Genetics. 30. 51–56. 28633069 .
  14. Piotrowska-Nowak. Agnieszka. Safranow. Krzysztof. Adamczyk. Jakub G.. Sołtyszewski. Ireneusz. Cięszczyk. Paweł. Tońska. Katarzyna. Żekanowski. Cezary. Borzemska. Beata. 2023. Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Polish Elite Athletes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24. 16. 12992. 37629173. 10.3390/ijms241612992. 10454803 . free.
  15. Askapuli. Ayken. Vilar. Miguel. Garcia-Ortiz. Humberto. Zhabagin. Maxat. Sabitov. Zhaxylyk. Akilzhanova. Ainur. Ramanculov. Erlan. Schamiloglu. Uli. others. and. 8. 2022. Kazak mitochondrial genomes provide insights into the human population history of Central Eurasia. PLOS ONE. 17. 11. e0277771. 36445929. 10.1371/journal.pone.0277771. 9707748 . 2022PLoSO..1777771A . free.
  16. Piotrowska-Nowak. Agnieszka. Kosior-Jarecka. Ewa L.. Schab. Aleksandra. Wrobel-Dudzinska. Dominika. Bartnik. Ewa. Zarnowski. Tomasz. Tonska. Katarzyna. 2019. 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.004. Investigation of whole mitochondrial genome variation in normal tension glaucoma. Experimental Eye Research. 178. 186–197. 30312593. 52974590 .
  17. Dulias . Katharina . Foody . George B. . Justeau . Pierre . Silva . Marina . Martiniano . Rui . Oteo-García . Gonzalo . Fichera . Alessandro . Rodrigues . Simão . Gandini. Francesca. Meynert. Alison. Donnelly. Kevin. Aitman. Timothy J.. Scottish Genomes Partnership . Chamberlain. Andrew. Lelong. Olivia. Kozikowski. George. Powlesland. Dominic. Waddington. Clive. Mattiangeli. Valeria. Bradley. Daniel G.. Bryk. Jaroslaw. Soares. Pedro. Wilson. James F.. Wilson. Graeme. Moore. Hazel. Pala. Maria. Edwards. Ceiridwen J.. Richards. Martin B. . 8 . 2022 . 10.1073/pnas.2108001119 . Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 119 . 8 . e2108001119 . 35131896. 8872714 . 2022PNAS..11908001D . free.
  18. News: Chevalier Bayard, une identification ADN et des questions . Chevalier Bayard, a DNA identification and questions . 2017-03-02. FIGARO. 2018-10-12. fr .
  19. Web site: Bayard, le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche is Marguerite de Baugé, dame de Mirabel's 8th great grandson! . geni_family_tree . en-US . 2018-10-13 .

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