Haplogroup E-M123 Explained

E-M123
Origin-Place:Middle East
Origin-Date:15,000-20,000 ybp[1]
Ancestor:E-Z830
Descendants:E-M34
Mutations:M123, L798.1, L799, L857

In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E-M123 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, and defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M123. Like its closest relatives within the larger E-M215 haplogroup, E-M123 is found in Asia, Europe and Africa.

Origin

The Middle East has been proposed as the most likely origin for this lineage rather than East Africa or North Africa.In fact E-M34 seems to be restricted to Semitic speakers in Ethiopia, as it has not been detected in other populations in the region such asSomalia, Kenya .

Distribution

E-M123 is best known for its major sub-clade E-M34, which dominates this clade.[2] However, earlier studies did not test for E-M34. Looking beyond its geographical patterns, E-M123 is also quite common in many Semitic language communities, including among both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, accounting for over 10% of all male lines .

Region and PopulationNE-M34Study
Natufians (Northern Israel, 10,000 ybp)540-100 (incomplete data)Lazaridis et al. 2016
Jordanians (Dead sea)4531.1Flores et al. 2005
Ethiopian Amhara3423.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Maronite Cypriot5721.05Comparative Y-chromosome analysis among Cypriots in the context of historical events and migrations. 2021
Libyan Jews2020.0Shen et al. 2004
Greek Cypriot34413.10Y-chromosomal analysis of Greek Cypriots reveals a primarily common pre-Ottoman paternal ancestry with Turkish Cypriots. 2017
Ethiopian Jews2213.6Cruciani et al. 2004
Kurd5913.6Grugni et al. 2012
Italian Calabria6813.2Semino et al. 2004
Jordanians14613.01Floris et al. 2005
Beja Portugal812.5Beleza et al. 2006
Oman12112.0Abu-amero et al. 2009
Sahara/Mauritania18911.1Bekada et al. 2013
Assyrian Tehran Iran911.1Grugni et al. 2012
Mazara del Vallo Sicily Italy1811.1Di Gaetano et al. 2009
Piazza Armerina Sicily Italy2810.71Di Gaetano et al. 2009
Troina Sicily Italy3010.0Di Gaetano et al. 2009
Algerian Kabyles1910.5Arredi et al. 2004
Northern Egyptians4910.2Trombetta et al. 2015
Hazara (Bamiyan)6910.1Di Cristofaro et al. 2013
Yemeni Jews2010.0Shen et al. 2004
Sephardim Jewish4010.0Semino et al. 2004
Ashkenazi Jews
non-Levite, non-Cohanim
74 10.0 Hammer et al. 2009[3]
Palestinians3679.5Zalloua et al. 2008
Azeri Iran639.5Grugni et al. 2012
Ethiopian Wolayta128.3Cruciani et al. 2004
Yemen628.1Cadenas et al. 2007
Ethiopian Oromo258Cruciani et al. 2004
Erzurum Turkish258Cruciani et al. 2004
Omanite137.7Cruciani et al. 2004
Bedouins287.1Cruciani et al. 2004
Sicilians1366.6Cruciani et al. 2004
Sephardi Turkish195.3Cruciani et al. 2004
United Arab Emirates414.9Cruciani et al. 2004
Northern Egyptians214.8Cruciani et al. 2004
Southeastern Turkish244.2Cruciani et al. 2004
Armenians4134.1Herrera et al. 2011
Druze Arabs283.6Cruciani et al. 2004
Sardinians3673.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Marrakesh Berbers293.4Cruciani et al. 2004
Palestinians293.4Cruciani et al. 2004
Central Anatolian613.3Cruciani et al. 2004
Istanbul Turkish352.9Cruciani et al. 2004
Southwestern Turkish402.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Southern Italians872.3Cruciani et al. 2004
Turkish Cypriots462.2Cruciani et al. 2004
Azeri972.1Cruciani et al. 2004
Northern Italians671.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Corsicans1401.4Cruciani et al. 2004
Asturians901.1Cruciani et al. 2004
Caucasus19520.4Yunusbayev et al. 2011
Northern Portuguese50...Cruciani et al. 2004
Southern Portuguese49...Cruciani et al. 2004
Pasiegos from Cantabria56...Cruciani et al. 2004
Southern Spaniards62...Cruciani et al. 2004
Spanish Basques55...Cruciani et al. 2004
French85...Cruciani et al. 2004
French Basques16...Cruciani et al. 2004
Orkney Islanders7...Cruciani et al. 2004
Danish35...Cruciani et al. 2004
Central Italians89...Cruciani et al. 2004
Polish38...Cruciani et al. 2004
Estonians74...Cruciani et al. 2004
Russians42...Cruciani et al. 2004
Romanians14...Cruciani et al. 2004
Bulgarians8081.9Karachanak et al. 2013
Albanians19...Cruciani et al. 2004

Subclade distribution

E-M123* (tested and definitely without E-M34)

Such cases are relatively rare, but the following have been reported.

E-M123 has sometimes been reported without checking for the M-34 SNP, for example:

And E-M34 has sometimes been tested without testing for M123:

Subclades of E-M34

Ancient DNA

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

See main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups.

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)(α)(β)(γ)(δ)(ε)(ζ)(η)YCC 2002 (Longhand)YCC 2005 (Longhand)YCC 2008 (Longhand)YCC 2010r (Longhand)ISOGG 2006ISOGG 2007ISOGG 2008ISOGG 2009ISOGG 2010ISOGG 2011ISOGG 2012
E-P2921III3A13Eu3H2BE*EEEEEEEEEE
E-M3321III3A13Eu3H2BE1*E1E1aE1aE1E1E1aE1aE1aE1aE1a
E-M4421III3A13Eu3H2BE1aE1aE1a1E1a1E1aE1aE1a1E1a1E1a1E1a1E1a1
E-M7521III3A13Eu3H2BE2aE2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2
E-M5421III3A13Eu3H2BE2bE2bE2bE2b1-------
E-P225III414Eu3H2BE3*E3E1bE1b1E3E3E1b1E1b1E1b1E1b1E1b1
E-M28III515Eu2H2BE3a*E3aE1b1E1b1aE3aE3aE1b1aE1b1aE1b1aE1b1a1E1b1a1
E-M588III515Eu2H2BE3a1E3a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E3a1E3a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E1b1a1a1aE1b1a1a1a
E-M116.28III515Eu2H2BE3a2E3a2E1b1a2E1b1a2E3a2E3a2E1b1a2E1b1a2E1ba12removedremoved
E-M1498III515Eu2H2BE3a3E3a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E3a3E3a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E1b1a1a1cE1b1a1a1c
E-M1548III515Eu2H2BE3a4E3a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E3a4E3a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E1b1a1a1g1cE1b1a1a1g1c
E-M1558III515Eu2H2BE3a5E3a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E3a5E3a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E1b1a1a1dE1b1a1a1d
E-M108III515Eu2H2BE3a6E3a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E3a6E3a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E1b1a1a1eE1b1a1a1e
E-M3525III414Eu4H2BE3b*E3bE1b1b1E1b1b1E3b1E3b1E1b1b1E1b1b1E1b1b1removedremoved
E-M7825III414Eu4H2BE3b1*E3b1E1b1b1aE1b1b1a1E3b1aE3b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1a1E1b1b1a1
E-M14825III414Eu4H2BE3b1aE3b1aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a1c1E3b1a3aE3b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a1c1E1b1b1a1c1
E-M8125III414Eu4H2BE3b2*E3b2E1b1b1bE1b1b1b1E3b1bE3b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1a
E-M10725III414Eu4H2BE3b2aE3b2aE1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1aE3b1b1E3b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1aE1b1b1b1a1
E-M16525III414Eu4H2BE3b2bE3b2bE1b1b1b2E1b1b1b1b1E3b1b2E3b1b2E1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b1a2a
E-M12325III414Eu4H2BE3b3*E3b3E1b1b1cE1b1b1cE3b1cE3b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1b2a
E-M3425III414Eu4H2BE3b3a*E3b3aE1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E3b1c1E3b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1b2a1
E-M13625III414Eu4H2BE3ba1E3b3a1E1b1b1c1aE1b1b1c1a1E3b1c1aE3b1c1aE1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1b2a1a1

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

See also

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

Sources for conversion tables

Additional sources

Notes and References

  1. https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-M123/
  2. As of 11 November 2008 for example, the E-M35 phylogeny project had records of four E-M123* tests (20 records; 26 May 2017), compared to 93 test results with E-M34.
  3. Hammer . Michael F. . Behar . Doron M. . Karafet . Tatiana M. . Mendez . Fernando L. . Hallmark . Brian . Erez . Tamar . Zhivotovsky . Lev A. . Rosset . Saharon . Skorecki . Karl . Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood . Human Genetics . November 2009 . 126 . 5 . 707–717 . 10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5 . 19669163 . 2771134 .
  4. Lazaridis . Iosif . etal . 17 June 2016 . The genetic structure of the world's first farmers . 10.1101/059311 . cs2.
  5. Web site: E-M84 YTree.
  6. Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus . Cell . 2020 . 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.044 . Skourtanioti . Eirini . Erdal . Yilmaz S. . Frangipane . Marcella . Balossi Restelli . Francesca . Yener . K. Aslıhan . Pinnock . Frances . Matthiae . Paolo . Özbal . Rana . Schoop . Ulf-Dietrich . Guliyev . Farhad . Akhundov . Tufan . Lyonnet . Bertille . Hammer . Emily L. . Nugent . Selin E. . Burri . Marta . Neumann . Gunnar U. . Penske . Sandra . Ingman . Tara . Akar . Murat . Shafiq . Rula . Palumbi . Giulio . Eisenmann . Stefanie . d'Andrea . Marta . Rohrlach . Adam B. . Warinner . Christina . Jeong . Choongwon . Stockhammer . Philipp W. . Haak . Wolfgang . Krause . Johannes . 181 . 5 . 1158–1175.e28 . 32470401 . 219105572 . free . 20.500.12154/1254 . free .
  7. Allentoft M.E., Sikora M., Sjogren K.G., Rasmussen S., Rasmussen M., Stenderup J., Damgaard P.B., Schroeder H., Ahlstrom T., Vinner L., et al. 2015 Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature 522(7555), 167-172. (doi:10.1038/nature14507).
  8. Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus . Cell . 2020 . 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.044 . Skourtanioti . Eirini . Erdal . Yilmaz S. . Frangipane . Marcella . Balossi Restelli . Francesca . Yener . K. Aslıhan . Pinnock . Frances . Matthiae . Paolo . Özbal . Rana . Schoop . Ulf-Dietrich . Guliyev . Farhad . Akhundov . Tufan . Lyonnet . Bertille . Hammer . Emily L. . Nugent . Selin E. . Burri . Marta . Neumann . Gunnar U. . Penske . Sandra . Ingman . Tara . Akar . Murat . Shafiq . Rula . Palumbi . Giulio . Eisenmann . Stefanie . d'Andrea . Marta . Rohrlach . Adam B. . Warinner . Christina . Jeong . Choongwon . Stockhammer . Philipp W. . Haak . Wolfgang . Krause . Johannes . 181 . 5 . 1158–1175.e28 . 32470401 . 219105572 . free . 20.500.12154/1254 . free .
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  10. Damgaard . Peter de Barros . Marchi . Nina . Rasmussen . Simon . Peyrot . Michaël . Renaud . Gabriel . Korneliussen . Thorfinn . Moreno-Mayar . J. Víctor . Pedersen . Mikkel Winther . Goldberg . Amy . Usmanova . Emma . Baimukhanov . Nurbol . Loman . Valeriy . Hedeager . Lotte . Pedersen . Anders Gorm . Nielsen . Kasper . Afanasiev . Gennady . Akmatov . Kunbolot . Aldashev . Almaz . Alpaslan . Ashyk . Baimbetov . Gabit . Bazaliiskii . Vladimir I. . Beisenov . Arman . Boldbaatar . Bazartseren . Boldgiv . Bazartseren . Dorzhu . Choduraa . Ellingvag . Sturla . Erdenebaatar . Diimaajav . Dajani . Rana . Dmitriev . Evgeniy . Evdokimov . Valeriy . Frei . Karin M. . Gromov . Andrey . Goryachev . Alexander . Hakonarson . Hakon . Hegay . Tatyana . Khachatryan . Zaruhi . Khaskhanov . Ruslan . Kitov . Egor . Kolbina . Alina . Kubatbek . Tabaldiev . Kukushkin . Alexey . Kukushkin . Igor . Lau . Nina . Margaryan . Ashot . Merkyte . Inga . Mertz . Ilya V. . Mertz . Viktor K. . Mijiddorj . Enkhbayar . Moiyesev . Vyacheslav . Mukhtarova . Gulmira . Nurmukhanbetov . Bekmukhanbet . Orozbekova . Z. . Panyushkina . Irina . Pieta . Karol . Smrčka . Václav . Shevnina . Irina . Logvin . Andrey . Sjögren . Karl-Göran . Štolcová . Tereza . Taravella . Angela M. . Tashbaeva . Kadicha . Tkachev . Alexander . Tulegenov . Turaly . Voyakin . Dmitriy . Yepiskoposyan . Levon . Undrakhbold . Sainbileg . Varfolomeev . Victor . Weber . Andrzej . Wilson Sayres . Melissa A. . Kradin . Nikolay . Allentoft . Morten E. . Orlando . Ludovic . Nielsen . Rasmus . Sikora . Martin . Heyer . Evelyne . Kristiansen . Kristian . Willerslev . Eske . 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes . Nature . May 2018 . 557 . 7705 . 369–374 . 10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2 . 29743675 . 2018Natur.557..369D . 1887/3202709 . 13670282 . free .
  11. Web site: Genetic Landscape of the West Eurasian Steppe before and after the Scythian Dominance - Page 4.