Haplogroup C-B477 Explained

C-B477
Origin-Place:	Sahul Shelf
Ancestor:	（Grandparent）C1
Descendants:	C1b2a-M38 C1b2b-M347
Mutations:	B477
Members:	Papuan people, Indigenous Australians, Melanesian people, Polynesian people

Haplogroup C-B477, also known as Haplogroup C1b2, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup C1b, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C1.

It is distributed in high frequency in Indigenous Australians, Papuan people, Melanesian people, and Polynesian people.

Subgroups

• C1b2（C-B477）
  • C1b2a（C-M38）Papuan people and other Oceanians
  • C1b2b（C-M347）Indigenous Australians^[1]

Frequency

C-M347

• Indigenous Australians 60.2%^[2] -68.7%^[3]

Migration history

Haplogroup C-B477 took a southern route after the Out of Africa through the Indian subcontinent to the Sahul Shelf.^[4] C-M38 was born 49,600 years before present around New Guinea.^[5]

References

1. Hudjashov . G . Kivisild . T . Underhill . PA . etal . "(May 2007). "Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 104 . 21. 8726–30 . 10.1073/pnas.0702928104 . 17496137 . 1885570 . May 2007 . free .
2. Hudjashov . G. . Kivisild . T. . Underhill . P. A. . Endicott . P. . Sanchez . J. J. . Lin . A. A. . Shen . P. . Oefner . P. . Renfrew . C. . Villems . R. . Forster . P. . 2007 . Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 104 . 21. 8726–30 . 10.1073/pnas.0702928104 . 17496137 . 1885570 . 2007PNAS..104.8726H . free .
3. Kayser . M . Brauer . Silke . Weiss . Gunter . Schiefenhövel . Wulf . Underhill . Peter . Shen . Peidong . Oefner . Peter . Tommaseo-Ponzetta . Mila . Stoneking . Mark . 2003 . Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea . The American Journal of Human Genetics . 72 . 2. 281–302 . 10.1086/346065 . 12532283 . 379223 .
4. 崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版　2009年）(in Japanese)
5. Scheinfeldt . L. . Friedlaender . F . Friedlaender . J . Latham . K . Koki . G . Karafet . T . Hammer . M . Lorenz . J . Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 23 . 8 . 1628–41 . 2006 . 16754639 . 10.1093/molbev/msl028 . free .