Haplochromis xanthopteryx is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Victoria where it is only known to occur in the Mwanza Gulf in areas with rocky substrates. This species can reach a length of 10.7cm (04.2inches) SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. This species may be placed back in the genus Lithochromis when a comprehensive review of Haplochromis is carried out.