Hanun-Dagan Explained

Hanun-Dagan
Shakkanakku and king of Mari
Reign:c. 2016 – 2008 BC Middle Chronology
Predecessor:Hitlal-Erra
Succession1:Shakkanakku and king of Mari

Hanun-Dagan (meaning "Dagan is merciful"),[1] was the Shakkanakku and king (Lugal) of Mari reigning c. 2016-2008 BC.[2] He was the brother of his predecessor Hitlal-Erra,[3] and is recorded as the son of Shakkanakku Puzur-Ishtar on a seal discovered in the city.[4] Although the title of Shakkanakku designated a military governor,[5] the title holders in Mari were independent monarchs,[6] and nominally under the vassalage of the Ur III dynasty.[7] Some Shakkanakkus used the royal title Lugal in their votive inscriptions, while using the title of Shakkanakku in their correspondence with the Ur's court,[8] and it is certain that Hanun-Dagan used the royal title.[9]

Hanun-Dagan was a contemporary of Ibbi-Sin of Ur,[10] and is credited with renovating the Royal Palace of Mari.[11] Unlike most of their predecessors who bore Akkadian names, both Hanun-Dagan and his brother Hitlal-Erra bore Amorite names,[12] and seals in Mari records Hitlal-Erra as a military official under Puzur-Ishtar, leading Piotr Michalowski to suspect a coup that deposed the family of Puzur-Ishtar and replaced it with Hanun-Dagan's family.[13] The succession of Shakkanakkus following Hanun-Dagan's reign is difficult to determine as the lists are full of gaps.

Notes and References

  1. Book: The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria. Lluís Feliu. 60. 2003. 9004131582.
  2. Book: Ancient Iraq. Georges Roux. 690. 1992. 9780141938257.
  3. Book: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Gwendolyn Leick. 86. 2002. 9781134787968.
  4. Book: Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Gwendolyn Leick. 67. 2002. 9781134787968.
  5. Book: Eblaitica vol.4. Cyrus Herzl Gordon . Gary Rendsburg . Nathan H. Winter . 64. 2002. 9781575060606.
  6. Book: The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. Trevor Bryce. 451. 2009. 9781134159086.
  7. Book: Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. Trevor Bryce. 18. 2014. 9780191002922.
  8. Book: Eblaitica vol.4. Cyrus Herzl Gordon . Gary Rendsburg . Nathan H. Winter . 132. 2002. 9781575060606.
  9. Book: Textos para un historia política de Siria-Palestina I. es. Juan Oliva. 91. 2008. 9788446019497.
  10. Book: Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). Douglas Frayne. 593. 1990. 9780802058737.
  11. Book: The Sumerian World. Harriet Crawford. Harriet Crawford. 987. 2013. 9781136219115.
  12. Book: Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary . Wolfgang Heimpel. 22. 2003. 9781575060804 .
  13. Book: 2000 v. Chr. Politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende: 3. Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 4.-7. April 2004 in Frankfurt/Main und Marburg/Lahn - The Ideological Foundations of the Ur III State. Piotr Michalowski. 233. 2004. 9783930843855.

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