| Hanoi Metro | |
| Native Name: | Đường sắt đô thị Hà Nội |
| Imagesize2: | 300px |
| Owner: | Hanoi People’s Committee |
| Locale: | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| Transit Type: | Rapid transit |
| Lines: | 2 (in operation) 1 (under construction) |
| Headway: | 10 minutes |
| Stations: | 20 (in operation) 4 (under construction) |
| Vehicles: | 23 four-car trainset |
| Daily Ridership: | 32,000[1] |
| Operator: | Hanoi Metro Company and Tokyo Metro[2] |
| System Length: | 21.6 km (in operation) 4 km (under construction) 318 (planned) |
| Top Speed: | 80km/h |
| El: | Third rail |
| Map Name: | System map (Lines operational and under construction) |
| Annual Ridership: | 10.7 million (2023)[3] [4] |
The Hanoi Metro (Vietnamese: Đường sắt đô thị Hà Nội|lit=Hanoi urban railway) is a rapid transit system in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Owned by Hanoi’s People Committee and operated by Hanoi Metro Company (HMC), it is the first operational rapid transit system in Vietnam. The system includes elevated and underground sections. The first line, Line 2A - Cat Linh Line, opened to service on 6 November 2021.[5] The first section of the second line Line 3 - Van Mieu Line opened on August 8, 2024.[6]
The system will eventually consist of 8 lines with a total length of, and is initially expected to carry 200,000 passengers per day. Upon opening, daily ridership was at 12,000.[7]
As the capital city of Vietnam, Hanoi's population is growing rapidly. As of 2010 (the year when construction started on the first line), Hanoi's population was around 6,910,000. Hoàn Kiếm District and Ba Đình District are the districts with the highest population density.[8] The government expects the population of Hanoi to increase up to 8,000,000 by 2030.[9] The growing population would affect the city's operation and development.[10] To solve this issue, the Vietnamese government and the Hanoi People's Committee proposed to build an urban rail transit system, which was first proposed in the late 1990s.
In 1998, the Vietnamese government revised and agreed the “Hanoi Capital to 2020 Master Plan” which suggested that Hanoi prioritise the building of a rail transit system, with a target to build 5 lines.[11] The "Overall Plan for the Development of Vietnam's Railway Transportation Industry to 2020", released in 2002, and the "2005-2010 Economic and Social Development Plan for 2006-2010", released in 2006, both suggested the same and aimed to finish the metro system by 2010.
The start of construction was delayed continually as the government first required consultant companies from China, France and Japan, such as SYSTRA and Japan International Cooperation Agency, to finish feasibility studies which ran from 2004 to 2007. These three companies suggested the Hanoi government build a network consisting of 6 lines. In 2008, the Vietnamese government approved the construction of the suggested lines, which they divided into several phases.[12] [13]
The pilot line of Hanoi Metro is Line 3.[14] It began construction in 2009 with a projected completion date of 2015.[15] The line was built by multiple companies, with train systems provided by Alstom.[16] The railway line was built by South Korean firm Daelim Industrial and other contractors.[17] The project was repeatedly delayed, with the completion date rescheduled to 2027. The elevated section of the line opened to the public on 8 August 2024, while the work on the underground section continued. Despite being the pilot line, Line 3 became the second operational Hanoi metro line, after Line 2A, due to the 9-year delay.[18]
The second planned line, Line 2A, began construction in October 2011.[19] The line was constructed by China Railway Engineering Corporation.[20] [21] The bulk of the construction was completed by the fourth quarter of 2018.[22] Operational tests were conducted at the end of 2018 and again in 2019.[23] [24] After delays, Line 2A opened to the public on 6 November 2021,[25] becoming the first operational metro line in Hanoi and whole Vietnam.[26]
According to the Prime Minister's decision approving the transport development of Hanoi by 2030 and vision to 2050 (519/QD-TTg dated 31 March 2016),[27] the Hanoi Metro system will consist of 8 lines, including elevated and underground sections. The Ministry of Transport (MoT) and the Hanoi People's Committee (HPC) will both be investors in the project. Phase 1 includes Line 2A and Line 3, Line 2A is in service, and Line 3 is currently under construction.
| Line Symbol and number | Line name | Terminus | Length | Stations | Depots | Operational date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line 2A | Cát Linh Line (C) | Cat Linh ↔ Yen Nghia | 13.1km (08.1miles) | 12 | Yên Nghĩa | 6 November 2021[28] | |
| Route map | |||||||
| Line 3 | Văn Miếu Line (V) | Nhon ↔ Cau Giay | 8.5km (05.3miles) | 8 | Nhổn | 8 August 2024 (elevated section) [29] | |
The 13.1km (08.1miles) line, consisting of 12 stations (all elevated), and connecting the districts Dong Da, Thanh Xuan and Ha Dong, will be the first operational line in the metro system. This line is constructed using Official Development Assistance (ODA) from China with a total investment of US$868 million. The China Railway Sixth Group is the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contractor for the project, and the Ministry of Transport (Vietnam) is an investor.[20] [21]
The construction was started on 10 October 2011 and was initially targeted to begin operations in 2016. In 2016, it was announced that the completion date was to be pushed back to early 2018. However, due to funding and land acquisition issues, construction wasn't completed until September 2018.[30] Following completion, the pilot run and testing was conducted from September to December 2018. Line 2A was scheduled to commence operations in February 2019, before the holidays of Lunar New Year,[31] but was postponed for the sixth time as some station construction works remained incomplete. Transport Minister Nguyen Van The had hopes that operations would begin in April 2019.
On 30 April 2019, a representative from the Railway Project Management Board informed the press that the line was not yet operational, the reason stated being that the system had not yet been issued with a safety certificate and it had not been accepted by the State Acceptance Council. By the deadline of 30 April 2019, the General Chinese Contractor had not completed some stations, depot areas, escalator roofs for stations, drainage connections for Ring Road Station 3, landscaping, trees, electricity and ticketing systems.[32]
After multiple delays, the trial run was restarted on 28 October 2019, to last for 20 days. Beginning in December 2020, Line 2A underwent a full-scale test run in order to check its safety before approval for commercial service. Line 2A opened to the public on 6 Nov 2021.[25]
The Hanoi Metro Rail System Project (Line 3: Nhon - Hanoi Station section) is in line with the Prime Minister's decision approving the transport development of Hanoi by 2030 and vision to 2050 (519/QD-TTg dated 31 March 2016). The project has the Hanoi Metropolitan Railway Management Board, French government, Asian Development Bank, and European Investment Bank as the investors, and will be built in two phases. Phase 1 is 12.5km (07.8miles) long in total and consists of 12 stations,[33] with 8.5km (05.3miles) elevated and 4km (02miles) underground, and will serve residents from districts such as Nam Tu Liem, Bac Tu Liem, Cau Giay, Ba Dinh, Dong Da, and Hoan Kiem.
Construction for Line 3 began in 2010 and was initially targeted to commence service in 2018. However, in 2017, it was announced that the construction would not be complete until 2021, and that the operation start was deferred to 2022. In July 2018, the Hanoi Metropolitan Railway Management Board (MRB) announced that only 43% of the work for Line 3 had been completed, and the launch date of elevated section would most likely be delayed until early 2023. However, in September 2022, the authorities requested to extend the deadline to 2025,[34] and increase the budget by a further VND1.9 trillion ($80.77m USD). The line was further delayed in September 2022 when the authorities announced that they expected the line to fully open in 2027.[35]
| Planning and Future lines | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line color | Symbol | Line number | Line name | Route | Length (km) | Status | Number of stations | Depots | |
| Line 1 | Long Biên Line (L) | Yên Viên/Dương Xá - Long Biên - Hanoi railway station - Ngọc Hồi | 36km (22miles) | final planning | 23 | Yên Viên, Dương Xá, Ngọc Hồi | |||
| Line 2 | Hoàn Kiếm Line (H) | Noi Bai International Airport - Nhật Tân Bridge - Hoàng Hoa Thám - Hoàn Kiếm Lake - Hàng Bài - Đại Cồ Việt - Thuợng Đình | 42km (26miles) | pending budget approval | 32 | Xuân Đỉnh, Phủ Lỗ | |||
| Line 4 | Thăng Long Line (T) | (circular line) Mê Linh - Đông Anh - Sài Đồng - Vĩnh Tuy - Ring road 2.5 - Cổ Nhuế - Liên Hà | 54km (34miles) | initial planning | 41 | Liên Hà, Đại Mạch | |||
| Line 5 | Kim Mã Line (K) | South Tây Hồ - Ngọc Khánh - Thăng Long Boulevard Expressway - An Khánh - Ring road 4 - Hoà Lạc | 39km (24miles) | initial planning | 17 | Sơn Đồng, Hoà Lạc | |||
| Line 6 | Nội Bài Line (N) | Noi Bai Airport - Phú Diễn - Hà Đông - Ngọc Hồi | 43km (27miles) | initial planning | 29 | Ngọc Hồi, Kim Mỗ | |||
| Line 7 | Hà Đông Line (A) | Mê Linh - Nhổn - Vân Canh - Dương Nội - Hà Đông | 28km (17miles) | initial planning | 23 | Mê Linh | |||
| Line 8 | Mỹ Đình Line (M) | Sơn Đồng - Mai Dịch - Ring road 3 - Lĩnh Nam - Dương Xá | 37km (23miles) | initial planning | 26 | Sơn Đồng, Cổ Bì | |||
| Line 9 | Sơn Tây Line (S) | Sơn Tây - Hoà Lạc - Xuân Mai | initial planning | Sơn Tây, Xuân Mai | |||||
Line 1 (Long Biên line - L): Ngọc Hồi - Gia Lâm (Phase I)
The Ngọc Hồi - Gia Lâm section of Metro Line 1 is 15.4km (09.6miles) long and elevated (including 8.9km (05.5miles) elevated, 1.7km (01.1miles) km bridge and 4.8km (03miles) on surface). The line has the Railway Project Management Unit (RPMU) as its investor and Ministry of Transport as project owner. Its budget is from Japanese ODA. Currently it is in the detailed design phase. Furthermore, Ministry of Transportation has reported to National Assembly that the ministry has transferred the railway section from Yên Viên to Ngọc Hồi including Hà Nội railway station and Giáp Bát railway station to Hanoi People's Committee to implement Hanoi urban railway line (AKA Long Biên line) to feed the future North-South High Speed train since there will be a construction of the Northern terminus (AKA the Hà Nội High Speed train station which will be functioned as the new Hà Nội railway station) of North-South High Speed train at Ngọc Hồi on 151 hectares of land.[36] [37] [38] [39] The line will be completed in 3 phases:
Line 2 (Hoan Kiem line - H): Noi Bai Airport - Nam Thang Long - Tran Hung Dao - Thuong Dinh - Hoang Quoc Viet
This section is 42 km in length, connecting Noi Bai Airport with the city center. There will be 32 stations and 2 depots. The 4 phases of the project are:
Line 4 (Thang Long line - T): Me Linh - Dong Anh - Hoang Mai - Ring road 2.5 - Co Nhue - Lien Ha
Metro line 4 is the longest out of 8 lines, with 41 stations and 2 depots. It will work as a loop line that takes into account connections with lines 1, 2A, 3, 5, 6 and 7.
Line 5 (Kim Ma line - K): South West Lake - Hoa Lac - Ba Vi
In 2012, the project was expected to start in 2017 but the commencement date has now been postponed. It will be 38.4 km long with 17 stations and 2 depots. Right now feasibility study is carried out by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Its project owner is the Hanoi Metropolitan Railway Management Board. 2 phases are:
Line 6 (Noi Bai line - N): Noi Bai Airport - Phu Dien - Ha Dong - Ngoc Hoi
Metro line 6's total length is 43km (27miles) with 29 stations and 2 depots. The route runs mainly on the current national track system, connecting the southern districts to the northern ones and Noi Bai airport (T2 terminal).
Line 7 (Ha Dong line - A): Me Linh - Nhon - Van Canh - Duong Noi
Metro line 7 is 27.6 km long with 23 stations and 1 depot at Me Linh. The route runs in the north to the south, connecting Me Linh urban area to urban area series in the midst of ring roads 3 and 4 and downtown in the west of Hanoi.
Line 8 (My Dinh line - M): Son Dong - Mai Dich - Linh Nam - Duong Xa
Metro line 8 is 37.4km (23.2miles) long with 26 stations and 2 depots. The underground section is from Mai Dich to Linh Nam, and elevated sections are 2 parts: Son Dong to Mai Dich and Linh Nam to Duong Xa.
On 20 October 2015, the Railway Project Management Unit (RPMU) organized the Cat Linh - Ha Dong sample train exhibition at Giang Vo Exhibition Center, Ba Dinh District. The decision was made to use Chinese rolling stock manufacturer CRRC Corporation Limited (CRRC) trains, made by Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment, to supply the rolling stock for Line 2A.
Each train will consist of 4 carriages, with capacity for over 1,200 passengers. Each carriage weighs around, is 191NaN1 long, 3.81NaN1 high, and 2.8NaN wide. The first train arrived in Hanoi in March 2017 via the port of Hai Phong. The CRRC supplied a total of 13 four-car train-sets in 2018, which are all currently stabled at a depot at Phu Luong, east of Yen Nghia.[40] Trains are powered by a 750 V third rail, a first for Vietnam.
The trains' exteriors are painted green, and the seal of the Hanoi Temple of Literature, which is the symbol Khue Van of Hanoi, is shown on the front of the train, and the line name “Cat Linh - Ha Dong” is displayed along the bottom in white. A small LED screen is place at the left top corner to show the name of the line.
On 17 January 2017, Hanoi Metro Company signed a contract with French locomotive manufacturer Alstom to supply the rolling stock for Line 3, which will come from its Alstom Metropolis series. The current order is for 10 train sets, costing around US$128 million. The trains features an air-conditioning system, speakers, automatic LED lights. The interior is wheelchair accessible, and also includes dedicated space and seating for senior citizens. Each train can carry 950 passengers.[41] First four-car trains were shipped from the port of Dunkirk, on 9 September 2020.[42]
The cyan, pink and grey of the exterior design symbolises rice seeding leaves and dragon fruit, some of the main products in Vietnam.[43] Additionally, like Line 2A, the seal of the Hanoi Temple of Literature is displayed on the front of the train.
The ticket system will allow for connection between all routes and will be usable with other public transportation such as bus, taxi, etc. The tickets will be available for purchase at the terminal (ticket office or vending machine), using a modern, compact form of ticket (similar to an ATM card). Tickets will use modern technology, with value retention and high security.
There will be many types of tickets for passengers to choose from: Tickets take turns, Ticket by day, week, month, Group ticket and Electronic ticket (IC Card) combines many other gadgets.
The price of the tickets for the Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro, with the lowest one being VND 8,000 (USD 0.32) for a short trip, VND 15,000 (USD 0.60) for a longest trip, and VND 30,000 (USD 1.2) for a day pass.
The price of the tickets for the Nhon-Ha Noi station metro, with the lowest one being VND 8,000 (USD 0.32) for a short trip, VND 12,000 (USD 0.48) for a longest trip, and VND 24,000 (USD 0.96) for a day pass.
- A monthly pass for a common passenger is priced at VND 200,000 (USD 8.78), for a group of more than 30 people is priced at VND 140,000(USD 5.61)/person.- A monthly pass for a student/worker in industrial park is priced at VND 100,000(USD 4.00)- Children(under 6), old people(over 60), disabled people and registered poor people get a free pass.