| Office: | Secretary of State of Mississippi |
| Termstart1: | November 13, 1873 |
| Termend1: | January 4, 1874 |
| Order: | 20th and 22nd |
| Birth Place: | New Albany, Indiana |
| Birth Date: | February 1835 |
| State House2: | Mississippi |
| Termstart2: | 1872 |
| Termend2: | 1873 |
| District2: | Warren County |
| Termstart3: | 1876 |
| Termend3: | 1877 |
| Death Place: | Chicago, Illinois |
| Termstart: | September 1, 1873 |
| Termend: | October 20, 1873 |
| Governor: | Ridgely C. Powers |
| Predecessor: | Hiram R. Revels |
| Successor: | M. M. McLeod |
| Governor1: | Ridgely C. Powers |
| Predecessor1: | M. M. McLeod |
| Successor1: | James Hill |
Hannibal Caesar Carter (February 1835 - June 1, 1904) was the Secretary of State of Mississippi from September 1 to October 20, 1873, and from November 13, 1873, to January 4, 1874, serving the first term after being appointed when Hiram R. Revels resigned.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] He also served two non-consecutive terms representing Warren County in the Mississippi House of Representatives, the first from 1872 to 1873 the second from 1876 to 1877, both times as a Republican.[6] In later years he changed his affiliation to Democratic. He was one of several African Americans to serve as Mississippi Secretary of State during the Reconstruction era.[7]
Carter was born in New Albany, Indiana, in February 1835, then moving to Toronto, Canada for his early childhood.[8] He and his brother served in the Native Guards of Louisiana and then the Union Army.[9] [10]
He helped establish the Freedmen's Oklahoma Immigration Association in Chicago in 1881.[11]
He spent his later life in Chicago, Illinois, where he then died at home June 1, 1904 at the age of 69.[12]