Hani Mulki Explained

Hani Mulki
Office:Prime Minister of Jordan
Term Start:1 June 2016
Term End:14 June 2018
Predecessor:Abdullah Ensour
Successor:Omar Razzaz
Office1:Chief Commissioner of Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority
Primeminister1:Abdullah Ensour
Term Start1:9 November 2014
Term End1:29 May 2016
Predecessor1:Kamel Mahadin
Successor1:Nasser Shraideh
Office2:Minister of Foreign Affairs
Primeminister2:Faisal Al-Fayez
Term Start2:25 October 2004
Term End2:6 April 2005
Predecessor2:Marwan al-Muasher
Successor2:Farouq Qasrawi
Birth Date:15 October 1951
Birth Place:Amman, Jordan
Party:Independent
Alma Mater:Cairo University
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Hani Fawzi Mulki (also known as Hani Mulki; Arabic: هاني الملقي; ; born 15 October 1951) is a Jordanian politician that held several ministerial and diplomatic positions, and he was Chief Commissioner of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority before his designation as the 41st Prime Minister of Jordan by King Abdullah II and approval by the House of Representatives on 29 May 2016.[1]

Mulki served as Prime Minister until he submitted his resignation on 4 June 2018 after protests had swept the country because of his government's IMF-backed austerity measures that aimed to tackle Jordan's growing public debt.[2] The measures would raise the price of goods and services, as well as hike the tax rate.

Early life

Born in Amman in 1951, into a family of Syrian descent. His father, Fawzi Mulki, was the 10th prime minister of Jordan.[3] [4] [5] Mulki received a bachelor's degree in production engineering in Egypt in 1974 and pursued his Masters and Doctoral degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.[6]

Career

He served as Jordan's ambassador to Egypt and as Jordan's permanent representative at the Arab League. He has held several ministerial positions; water, energy, supplies, industry and foreign affairs ministries.[7]

Mulki chaired the negotiating committee which produced the Israel-Jordan peace treaty between Jordan and Israel in 1994.[8] During his time as foreign minister, Jordan experienced diplomatic issues with both Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Mulki was appointed as Scientific Advisor to the King, and then a member of the Senate. On 9 February 2011, Mulki was reappointed as Minister of Trade and Industries. On 9 November 2014, he was appointed Chief Commissioner of the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, replacing Kamel Mahadin.[9] On 29 May 2016, Mulki was appointed as the Prime Minister of Jordan, succeeding Abdullah Ensour.[7] His cabinet was sworn in on 1 June.[10] After the 2016 general election Mulki order a cabinet reshuffle, which resulted in three new portfolios, 22 ministers remaining and the introduction of 7 new ministers.[11]

Rising Jordanian public debt led Mulki in 2016 to negotiate a 3-year program $732 million loan facility with the International Monetary Fund, which would see the public debt falling from 95% of the GDP to 77% by 2021.[12] The austerity program raised prices on several food staples in 2016 and 2017, making him very unpopular in the country. A 22 March 2018 report by Carnegie Endowment for International Peace commented on Mulki's policies: "Mulki declared openly that his predecessors had left the country at the brink of insolvency and that the failure to take tough revenue-raising measure would lead to a debt crisis which would destroy the country. And he is correct. What is more doubtful is Mulki’s assertion that Jordan “will get out of the bottleneck” in 2019. While the measures to raise taxes and reduce subsidies buy time, they leave Jordan struggling to stay afloat and dependent on the continued flow of extensive aid."[13]

A nationwide strike organized by trade unions on 30 May 2018 in protest of Mulki's government presenting amendments to the 2014 income tax law to Parliament. The next day, his government raised fuel and electricity prices in response to rising international oil prices, prompting crowds of protestors to pour in the 4th circle near the Prime Ministry in Amman. King Abdullah intervened on 1 June and ordered the freeze of price hikes. Mulki's cabinet acquiesced but said the decision would cost the treasury $20 million. Despite the freeze, widespread protests continued due to the tax law. He submitted his resignation on 4 June 2018 and was succeeded by Omar Razzaz, his education minister.[2]

Honours

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: King accepts Mulki's resignation, tasks him with forming new gov't. 25 September 2016. Jordan Times. 25 September 2016.
  2. Web site: Jordan PM Hani al-Mulki resigns amid mass protests over tax bill. 4 June 2018. 4 June 2018. Al Jazeera.
  3. Web site: 2020-10-31 . يكتب عن (ام الرئيس) كتاب عمون وكالة عمون الاخبارية . 2023-12-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201031192535/https://www.ammonnews.net/article/295343 . 2020-10-31 .
  4. Web site: 2018-06-08 . Demonstrations in Jordan: For bread or political change? . 2023-12-15 . Arab News PK . en.
  5. Web site: فوزي الملقي.. فارس من مرحلة التغيير والمأسسة . 2023-12-15 . alrainewspaper . ar.
  6. News: New Jordan prime minister is RPI graduate. 2016-07-01. 2016-05-30. Albany Times Union.
  7. News: King dissolves House, appoints Mulki as new premier. 2016-05-29. 2016-05-29. The Jordan News. The Jordan Times.
  8. Aljazeera Jordan: Hani Mulki 'likely to improve ties with Israel', May 30, 2016
  9. Web site: Mulki named ASEZA chief; Mahadin appointed as senator . The Jordan Times . 9 November 2014 . 18 June 2016.
  10. Web site: Omar Obeidat . Mulki's government takes oath of office before King . The Jordan Times . 2 June 2016 . 19 June 2016.
  11. Web site: Omar Obeidat . Mulki's new government sworn in . The Jordan Times . 29 September 2016 . 9 November 2016.
  12. News: IMF approves $732m loan to Jordan. Arabian business. 4 June 2018. 25 August 2016.
  13. Web site: Slowing Jordan's Slide Into Debt. 4 June 2018. 22 March 2018. Carnegie.
  14. News: ar. إرادة ملكية بحل مجلس النوّاب وتكليف "الملقي" رئيساً للحكومة. 2016-05-29. 2016-05-29. ammannet.net. ammannet.net. 2020-09-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929020724/https://ammannet.net/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9. dead.
  15. Web site: 令和3年春の外国人叙勲 受章者名簿. April 29, 2021. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.