Hangzhou Metro Explained

Hangzhou Metro
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Image3:	杭州地铁1号线列车离开乔司站向乔司南驶去IMG 0154.JPG
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Owner:	City of Hangzhou
Locale:	Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Transit Type:	Rapid transit
Lines:	13
Stations:	270
Operator:	Hangzhou Metro Corporation (Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line 9, Line 10, Line 16, Line 19) MTR Corporation (Hangzhou) (Line 1, Line 5)
System Length:	516km (321miles)^[1] (metro lines only, excluding Hanghai line) 562km (349miles) (metro + commuter rail, including Hanghai line)
Ridership:	2,461,300 (2021 avg.) 3,539,000 (4 March 2022, Peak)

The Hangzhou Metro is a rapid transit system that serves Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, China. The system opened on November 24, 2012.^[2] It is the 17th city in China to operate a rapid transit system.

Network

There are currently 12 lines in operation. The adjacent Shaoxing Metro connects the system at Guniangqiao station on Line 5, and the Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail connects to the system at Linpingnan Railway Station on Line 9.

• Line 1 is an arc-shaped line, begins at Xianghu in Xiaoshan, stretches across downtown Hangzhou^[3] after crossing the Qiantang River and ends at Hangzhou Xiaoshan Int'l Airport. It connects West Lake, Hangzhou Railway Station, Hangzhou East Railway Station, Xiasha Higher Education Park and the Airport. It used to have a branch line to Linping District, which became part of Line 9 in July 2021.
• Line 2 links the Xiaoshan Industrial Park with Qianjiang Century City, Downtown Hangzhou and Liangzhu in Yuhang District. It runs in northwest–southeast direction.
• Line 3 begins in Xingqiao subdistrict in Linping District, runs in northeast–southwest direction and terminates at Wushanqiancun, North of Hangzhou West Railway Station. A branch commence near Xixi Wetland and connects Xiaoheshan Higher Education Park.
• Line 4 is a hook-shaped line that stretching from Puyan to Chihua Street in north Sandunzhen in Xihu District. It connects Puyan, West Lake scenic area south, Qianjiang New City, Hangzhou East Railway Station and several residential areas in the north part of the city.
• Line 5 is a Z-shaped line stretching from Future Sci-Tech City in Yuhang District, passing multiple areas in the downtown and ends near Hangzhou-Shaoxing city limit. It provides multiple points of transfer and it is one of the busiest lines in the system, serving more than 500,000 passengers per day. It connects to Line 1 of the Shaoxing Metro.
• Line 6 connects Fuyang District with Olympic Sports Park, Qianjiang Century City, Asian Games Village and the Hangzhou East Railway Station. It is one of two metro lines linking the main venue of 2022 Asian Games.
• Line 7 links the West Lake with Qianjiang New City, Olympic Sports Park, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Int'l Airport and Dajiangdong Industrial Park.
• Line 8 provides a link between Xiasha Higher Education Park and Dajiangdong Industrial Park.
• Line 9 provides a link between Qianjiang New City and Linping District. It connects to the Hangzhou–Haining Intercity Rail. The section between Linping and Coach Center was part of Line 1 until 10 July 2021.
• Line 10 provides a North–South link between Huanglong Sports Center and Renhe subdistrict in Yuhang. It plans to connect Hangzhou-Deqing Intercity Rail in the future.
• Line 16 is an express metro line linking Lin'an District with Yuhang District.
• Line 19 is an express metro line linking Hangzhou West Railway Station, Hangzhou East Railway Station and Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport.

The Hangzhou Metro has the only metro system map in China whose first seven lines follow the hue order of the rainbow colors.^[4]

Metro

data-sort-type="text"style="width:120px;"	Line	Terminals (District)		Commencement	Newest Extension	Length km	Stations	Operator
	(Xiaoshan)	(Xiaoshan)	2012	2020	53.1	33
	(Xiaoshan)	(Yuhang)	2014	2017	43.3^[5]	33
	(Linping)	(Yuhang)(Xihu)	2022	2022	57.5^[6]	37
	(Xihu)	(Binjiang)	2015	2022	46.8	32
	(Yuhang)	(Xiaoshan)	2019	2020	53.9	38
	(Shangcheng)	(Fuyang) (Xihu)	2020	2021	58.5	34
	(Qiantang)	(Shangcheng)	2020	2022	47.5	24
	(Qiantang)	(Qiantang)	2021	–	17.2	9
	(Shangcheng)	(Linping)	2021	2022	29.5	19
	(Yuhang)	(Xihu)	2022	2023	14.7	12
	(Yuhang)	(Lin'an)	2020	–	35.1^[7]	12
	(Yuhang)	(Xiaoshan)	2022	–	59.14	17
Total					516^[8]	300

History

Initial plans

The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the construction and operation of a rapid transit system by the Hangzhou Subway Group Co. Ltd in Hangzhou on June 5, 2005.^[9] The preliminary design for the first line, Line 1, was approved on January 11, 2007, by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of study. It would be long, of which is underground, elevated, and at grade.^[10]

Construction

Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on March 28, 2007, with subsequent phases beginning later in that year. The first phase included three underground stations in Qianjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport.^[3] The funding of Line 1 came from both the city government and the banks, with 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction was estimated to be 45 billion yuan.^[9]

In January 2009, it was announced that MTR Corporation would invest in a 22 billion-yuan ($3.2 billion) / 25-year / 49% share joint venture with the Hangzhou government to operate Line 1 of the metro.^[11]

The first section of Line 4 opened for trial operation on February 2, 2015.^[12]

In December 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the planning for 10 lines, including extensions to the three existing lines, scheduled to open in time for the 2022 Asian Games.^[13] By then the Hangzhou Metro network is projected to be long.^[14] As of 2018 there are over of subway lines under construction in Hangzhou.^[15]

Accident

On November 15, 2008, a 75NaN section of the tunnel near Fengqing Avenue in Xiaoshan District collapsed while under construction,^[16] killing 17 people.^[17]

Future expansions

Under construction

Years	Lines	Section	Terminals		Length(km)	Stations	Notes & References
2022		Phase 1 North Ext.	West Wenyi Road	Wushanqiancun	4.7	4.	^[18] ^[19]
		Phase 1 Remaining Section	Huanglong Sports Center	Xueyuan Road	2	3	^[20] ^[21]
			Tiaoxi	Yongsheng Road	59.14	17	^[22] ^[23] ^[24] -->
2024		Phase 2 Adjustment Section	Jinxing	East Nanhu^[25]	2.03	1
2026		Phase I	Renhe North	Deqing High-speed Railway Station	25.9	9	^[26] ^[27]
TBA		Phase 4	Liangzhu	Pingyao	6.8	3	^[28]
		Phase 2	Xingqiao	Xingguang Street	7.5	5
		Phase 3	Puyan	Wenyan	5.0	4
			Chihua Street	Lianjutang	12.3	10
		Phase 2	Long'an	Tangqi	9.6	5
		Phase 2	Zhejiang University	Suoqian	33.8	20
			Yisheng Road	Renhe North	10.8	6
		Phase 1	Minxiang Road	Kenhui Sixth Road	16.7	11
		Line 12 East Section	Dongxi Avenue	South Xianggong Park	38.2	22
		Phase 1	Xita	Songjiawan Road	16.0	13
		Line 15 North Section	Yatai Road	Chongxian	40.5	30
		Phase 1	Yusheng Street	Century Park	48.0	19
		Line 15 South Section	International Expo College	Nanxingqiao	35.9	18
		Line 12 West Section	Gongshou Lake	Xiangshan Campus, China Academy of Art	48.3	27(only add when NDRC approved it. NDRC always reject lots of planned lines when it really approves)-->

Phase IV Expansion

On November 14, 2022 the NDRC approved the 4th Phase Expansion plan consisting of 152.9 km of new lines.^[29]

Years	data-sort-type="text"	Line	Length km	Stations	Notes & References
Before 2027	Phase II	7.5	5
	Phase III West	5	4
	Phase III South	5	5
	Phase II	10.1	7
	Phase II	5.8	3
	Phase III	5	2
	Phase I North	24.3	14
	Phase I South	1.7	1
	Phase I	40.5	30
	Phase I	48	19
Total		152.9	90

External links

• Hangzhou Metro (official site)
• Urbanrail page on the Hangzhou Metro

Notes and References

1. Web site: 运营总里程达516公里 9月22日杭州地铁三期线网将全部贯通. 2022-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220922193135/https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/yc/qmt/202209/t20220921_24829316.shtml. 2022-09-22.
2. Web site: 本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临 1号线24日开通 . November 22, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130617174207/http://www.zj.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/headlines/2012-11/22/c_113766139.htm . June 17, 2013 . dead .
3. Kat Jiang, "Hangzhou to build metro system , Shanghai Daily, 2007-03-01
4. Web site: 七色彩虹！ 杭州地铁每条线颜色是怎么出炉的？看揭秘 . July 1, 2020 . July 1, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200701140348/https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/chengshi/content/2018-06/15/content_7020373_2.htm . live .
5. Web site: 今天17时，地铁2号线全程开通 从头坐到尾只需77分钟. 2017-12-27. October 16, 2019. October 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191016123826/http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/zjnews/hznews/201712/t20171227_6159780.shtml. live.
6. Web site: 2022-02-21 . 三线齐发！今天11时，杭州地铁3号线首通段、4号线二期、10号线首通段开通 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220221140342/https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1725333888281452011&wfr=spider&for=pc . February 21, 2022 . February 21, 2022.
7. Web site: 杭州地铁16号线开通在即 余杭到临安不到38分钟. 2020-04-09. April 19, 2020. October 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201030000253/https://zj.zjol.com.cn/news/1426517.html. live.
8. Web site: 运营总里程达516公里 9月22日杭州地铁三期线网将全部贯通. 2022-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220922193135/https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/yc/qmt/202209/t20220921_24829316.shtml. 2022-09-22.
9. Tang Fuchun, Hangzhou Subway Planning Approved , china.org.cn, 2005-06-16
10. News: Design of Hangzhou Metro Line No.1 Brings Convenience to Passengers . 11 January 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110522195535/http://www.zhejiang.gov.cn/zjforeign/english/node491/userobject1ai10464.html . May 22, 2011 .
11. News: MTR to Operate, Invest in $3.2 Billion Subway in Eastern China. bloomberg.com. April 30, 2015. January 16, 2009.
12. Web site: February 2, 2015 . experimental operation on Metro Line 4 first section, February 2 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150204075503/http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/main/zwdt/bzbd/szcf/T511697.shtml . February 4, 2015 . 4 February 2015 . hangzhou.gov.cn . zh . mdy-all.
13. Web site: 杭州地铁三期10条线路获批 计划亚运会前建成. 2016-12-21. February 11, 2017. April 18, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180418132818/http://ori.hangzhou.com.cn/ornews/content/2016-12/21/content_6425502.htm. live.
14. Web site: [浙江]杭州地铁2号线西北段开通 22分钟城西飞驰到城东(图)]. news.sina.com.cn. July 5, 2017 . 2017-07-06. October 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171020140005/http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2017-07-05/doc-ifyhweua4014660.shtml. live.
15. Web site: 穩增長 內地掀新一波城市軌道建設熱 - 香港經濟日報 - 中國頻道 - 經濟. china.hket.com. 2018-08-26. August 23, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180823122424/https://china.hket.com/article/2143842/%E7%A9%A9%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%B7%20%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%8E%80%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%A2%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E7%86%B1. live.
16. http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/?id=380858&type=National
17. Web site: Deaths from PRC's worst subway accident hit 17 . November 27, 2008 . March 5, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120305162441/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/china/local-news/other/2008/11/26/184928/Deaths-from.htm . live .
18. Web site: 多条轨道交通快速推进！杭州地铁10号线计划年底通车！. 3号线北延段长约4.7公里，设站4座.
19. Web site: 杭州地铁3号线一期工程调整环境影响评价信息公示. 杭州地铁. 2019-11-01. 2020-01-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20200119101506/http://www.hzmetro.com/notice_show.aspx?ID=9014#midc.
20. Web site: 2021年杭州地铁成网 亚运会前交通"起飞"-住在杭州 . July 9, 2017 . January 8, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180108063202/http://zzhz.zjol.com.cn/system/2017/07/04/021547924.shtml . live .
21. Web site: 杭州首条机场地铁线1号线三期 明年率先开建 力争2019年底建成通车 剩余9条线路2022年建成 . July 17, 2017 . July 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210701031206/http://szbz.hangzhou.com.cn/dskb/html/2016-12/22/content_2430570.htm . live .
22. Web site: 杭州机场轨道快线车站部分效果图曝光 全线17座车站 预计明年6月开通. 2021-09-09. 杭州机场轨道快线工程起点苕溪站，终点靖江站，线路长59.14公里，地下线长度47.105公里，高架段长度12.034公里，其中与杭甬高速合建10.266公里。全线共设车站17座，其中高架站4座，地下站13座. https://web.archive.org/web/20211022111439/http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2021/9/9/art_812269_59041547.html. 2021-10-22.
23. Web site: At 11:00 this morning, Hangzhou Metro Lines 3, 4, and 10 will open together . zh:今天上午11点，杭州地铁3、4、10号线，三线齐开 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220221020700/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MKTCQCq2yCi2DS9w76JL7g . February 21, 2022 . February 25, 2022.
24. Web site: 2019-11-15 . All 15 stations will start construction and will be completed in 2022. Hangzhou Airport Rail Express will be included in the provincial key construction projects . zh:15个站点全部开工 2022年建成 杭州机场轨道快线列入省重点建设项目 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191115055620/https://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/chengshi/content/2019-11/15/content_7304445.htm . November 15, 2019 . November 15, 2019.
25. Web site: 杭州市人民政府关于杭州机场轨道快线工程、地铁3号线一期工程及5号线二期工程车站站名的批复. 2022-06-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20220616091121/http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2022/6/16/art_1229063387_1820979.html. 2022-06-16.
26. Web site: 杭州至德清市域铁路工程环境影响评价第一次公示 . 2022-11-18 . huzdq.zjzwfw.gov.cn.
27. Web site: 杭州至湖州德清市域鐵路工程開工 . 2022-11-18 . zj.people.com.cn.
28. Web site: 杭州市城市轨道交通第四期建设规划环评公众意见征询. 2021-07-12.
29. Web site: 官宣：杭州地铁四期规划（2022-2027年）获批！线路走向图公布-杭州新闻中心-杭州网 . 2022-11-18 . hznews.hangzhou.com.cn.