Hikvision Explained

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
Foundation:[1]
Native Name Lang:zh
Type:Public company
State-owned enterprise
Area Served:Worldwide
Industry:Video surveillance
Manufacturing
Products:Cctv and network surveillance systems
Brands:Hiksemi(HikStorage), Ezviz, Hilook, Hiwatch.
Num Employees:42,685
Num Employees Year:2021
Footnotes:in a consolidated basis (net assets and net profit excluding minority interests); in Chinese Accounting Standards
Location:Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Module:
Child:yes
S:杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司
T:杭州海康威視數字技術股份有限公司
P:Hángzhōu Hǎikāng Wēishì Shùzì Jìshù Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
L:Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology. Company Limited by Shares
Order:st
S2:海康威视
T2:海康威視
P2:Hǎikāng Wēishì
L2:HIK–vision

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd., often shortened to Hikvision, is a Chinese state-owned manufacturer and supplier of video surveillance equipment for civilian and military purposes, headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.[2] [3] Due to its alleged involvement in mass surveillance of Uyghurs,[4] the Xinjiang internment camps,[5] and national security concerns, the company has been placed under sanctions from the U.S. and European governments.[6] [7] [8]

History

Hikvision was founded in 2001 by Zhejiang HIK Information Technology Co., Ltd. with the company having a 51% stake and Gong Hongjia a 49% stake at that time.

Hikvision has been listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 2010.[9]

In October 2016, the company concluded a deal to use Movidius' computer vision technology.[10]

In May 2017, Hikvision established Hikstorage, a subsidiary focused on the production of storage devices.[11]

In January 2021, the company won a US$33 million, 1,900-camera smart city project in Shanghe County, Shandong that includes cameras with facial recognition and license plate recognition technologies.[12]

In 2021, Best Buy, Home Depot, and Lowe's stopped selling cameras from Hikvision brand Ezviz due to concerns about Hikvision's complicity in surveillance and human rights violations in Xinjiang.[13]

In 2022, Hikvision was awarded a Chinese government contract to develop software to track "key people" in order to prevent them from entering Beijing.[14] [15] The same year, IPVM also reported that Hikvision has specific alarms in its software to alert Chinese police to "religion, Falun Gong, and various protest activities.[16] In 2022, Hikvision won a "smart campus" contract with the Chinese government to alert university administrators of students fasting during Ramadan.[17] Amazon Web Services provides cloud services to Hikvision.[18] In 2023, Hikvision released software that includes ethnic minority detection.[19] In January 2024, Hikvision joined the United Nations Global Compact.[20]

Sanctions and bans

See also: Mass surveillance in China and Persecution of Uyghurs in China. In January 2019, the U.S. government began considering whether it should sanction Hikvision, which American government officials described as having "provided thousands of cameras that monitor mosques, schools, and concentration camps in Xinjiang."[21] [22]

The U.S. government banned Hikvision from receiving federal government contracts in August 2019 due to security concerns.[23] [24] [25] In October 2019, Hikvision was formally placed on the Entity List by the U.S. government, which stated that it was involved in surveillance of Uyghurs in Xinjiang and of other ethnic and religious minorities in China.[26] Hikvision expressed its opposition to the U.S. decision and stated that they believe the decision had no factual basis. They urged the U.S. government to re-examine its decision.[27]

In response to the bans and sanctions, Hikvision has hired former U.S. ambassador Pierre-Richard Prosper "to advise the company regarding human rights compliance"[28] as well as numerous lobbyists, including former U.S. senators David Vitter[29] [30] and Barbara Boxer, former U.S. congressman Toby Moffett, and a former senior OFAC official.[31]

In August 2020, the Indian government banned Hikvision from bidding in government tenders and also required removal of Hikvison cameras from military and high-security areas.[32]

In April 2021, the European Parliament confirmed that it had removed Hikvision thermal cameras from its premises following the approval of an amendment sponsored by Dutch MEP Lara Wolters calling for the removal of "all of Hikvision’s thermal cameras from Parliament’s premises" due to "an unacceptable risk that Hikvision, through its operations in Xinjiang, is contributing to serious human rights abuses."[33]

In July 2021, the UK Foreign Affairs Select Committee published a report stating that Hikvision cameras "have been deployed throughout Xinjiang, and provide the primary camera technology used in the internment camps".[34]

In June 2022, documents from the Xinjiang Police Files showed how Hikvision technology is used by Xinjiang police to surveil all Xinjiang residents.[35]

In June 2021, 224 Hikvision products were banned for one year by South Korea's Ministry of Science and ICT over forged test reports.[36]

In September 2021, the Indian Navy's headquarters "asked its all formations to 'discontinue' procurement of CCTV cameras and surveillance systems from Hikvision," according to The Week. The Week also reported that the Indian Navy had ordered the replacement and destruction of its existing Hikvision cameras.[37]

In April 2022, the UK Department of Health and Social Care banned the purchase of Hikvision cameras.[38] In November 2022, the UK prohibited the use of Hikvision equipment in government buildings.[39]

In August 2022, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment of New Zealand said that it would stop buying Hikvision cameras.[40]

In February 2023, Australia's Department of Defence announced that it will remove cameras made by Hikvision from its buildings.[41]

In June 2023, Ukraine's National Agency on Corruption Prevention declared Hikvision an "international sponsor of war" for supplying dual-purpose equipment to Russia that can be used for military purposes.[42] [43]

In October 2023, Hikvision reportedly recommitted its operations to the United Kingdom after clarifying that the ban on its cameras on sensitive sites does not extend to public authorities or police stations. The use of their security cameras was adopted by U.K. authorities despite opposition from ministers worrying of "security threats". As a response, the U.K. parliament updated the definition of their ban on sensitive sites.[44]

In December 2023, Quebec banned the use of Hikvision technology in government.[45] In January 2024, Taiwanese authorities indicted a Hikvision employee for illegally recruiting and establishing a Hikvision office in Taiwan through a shell corporation.[46] [47]

United States

See also: United States sanctions against China. In November 2020, U.S. President Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included Hikvision.[48] [49] In December 2020, Hikvision was removed from FTSE Russell.[50]

On 12 January 2021, the Joe Biden inaugural committee returned a $500 donation to former U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) after she registered as a foreign agent for Hikvision.[51]

In March 2021, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) declared that Hikvision services and equipment "pose an unacceptable risk to U.S. national security."[52] In November 2022, the FCC banned sales or import of equipment made by Hikvision for national security reasons.[53]

In March 2023, four Hikvision subsidiaries were added to the United States Department of Commerce's Entity List.[54] In April 2023, BBC News reported that the US Department of Defense believes that Hikvision products are being white labeled and resold to the US government, creating a security risk.[55]

Ownership

Hikvision was owned by China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co., Ltd. (HIK Group,), a wholly owned subsidiary of China Electronics Technology Group, which has a 39.59% stake.[56] China Electronics Technology Group is a state-run enterprise owned and supervised by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. China Electronics Technology Group holds an additional 1.96% stake of Hikvision via its 52nd research institute . The Chairman of Hikvision, Chen Zongnian, is also the chairman and the Party Committee Secretary of HIK Group, and Head of the aforementioned research institute.

the firm's largest individual shareholder was vice-chairman Gong Hongjia with a 13% stake.[57] As of 12 2019 Fidelity International was also a major investor in Hikvision.[58]

In 2017, the third largest shareholder was a private equity fund which had a 7% stake, which is associated with then Hikvision general manager Hu Yangzhong. According to previous filing, "Xinjian Weixun" was also associated with Liu Xiang,[59] former director (from 2015 to March 2018) and former deputy general manager of Hikvision, then deputy general manager of HIK Group, chairman of sister listed company Phenix Optical.

In 2017, the fourth largest shareholder was another private equity fund which had a 2% stake. The fund was partly owned by Gong's wife Chen Chunmei and aforementioned Hu Yangzhong. Hu Yangzhong also owned an additional 1.33% stake personally. To sum up, those shareholders owned a combined 65.71% stake. Lastly, Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company owned 9.77%, which was the nominees of the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect.

In 2021, IPVM alleged that Hikvision was created and controlled by the Chinese government.[60] [61]

Alleged attempts to conceal government ownership

In 2015, IPVM criticized Hikvision for allegedly obscuring its Chinese government ownership.[62] Jeffrey He, president of Hikvision North America, had criticized the online blogger site for allegedly seeking financial gain.[63]

Alan West, in a 2016 interview published by The Times (and re-published by The Australian), suggested that Hikvision's ownership raised ethical and security concerns when it came to the usage of Hikvision's products by the British government.

Cybersecurity vulnerabilities

In May 2017, seven series of Hikvision cameras were affected by an improper authentication vulnerability which, if exploited, could allow "a malicious attacker [to] escalat[e] his or her privileges or assum[e] the identity of an authenticated user and [obtain] sensitive data," according to the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.[64]

In May 2021, Italian public broadcaster RAI reported that Hikvision cameras automatically "opened communication channels with addresses registered in China" once connected to the internet.[65] Hikvision declined to comment on the RAI investigation.

In September 2021, Hikvision announced a command injection vulnerability with the CVE-ID CVE-2021-36260.[66] Forbes reported that the vulnerability, which has a CVSS base score of 9.8 out of 10, left dozens of Hikvision camera models "susceptible to remote hijacking" without requiring a username or password.[67]

In 2022, Axios reported that Hikvision had hired FTI Consulting to conduct cybersecurity audits of its products.[68]

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co Ltd. Bloomberg L.P.. 13 May 2021. 2019-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190820024231/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/002415:CH. live.
  2. Web site: China funded Hikvision's CCTV with eyes across globe. 17 September 2016. The Australian. subscription. 16 November 2016. 2016-10-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161022150457/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/china-funded-hikvisions-cctv-with-eyes-across-globe/news-story/2285c01f69ca17cb1a3055deb2b3b8a2. live.
  3. News: Allen-Ebrahimian. Bethany. 24 June 2020. Defense Department produces list of Chinese military-linked companies, 20 years after mandate. 2020-06-24. Axios. en. 2020-06-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200625134940/https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html. live.
  4. News: July 25, 2023 . Hikvision Uyghur Recognition, NVIDIA-Powered, Sold To PRC China Authorities . . July 30, 2023 . 2023-07-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230731024619/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-uyghur-nvidia . live .
  5. News: Allen-Ebrahimian . Bethany . Fried . Ina . April 17, 2023 . Hikvision internal review found contracts targeted Uyghurs . . April 18, 2023 . 2023-04-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419020352/https://www.axios.com/2023/04/17/hikvision-internal-review-xinjiang-contracts-uyghurs . live .
  6. News: Shepardson. David. 7 October 2019. U.S. puts Hikvision, Chinese security bureaus on economic blacklist. Reuters. 2019-10-07. 2019-10-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191007233544/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exclusive-idUSKBN1WM25M. live.
  7. News: Strumpf. Dan. 25 May 2021. Chinese Surveillance-Gear Maker Hikvision Has Ties to Country's Military, Report Says. en-US. The Wall Street Journal. 2021-05-26. 0099-9660. 2021-05-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210525165427/https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-surveillance-gear-maker-hikvision-has-ties-to-countrys-military-report-says-11621941983. live.
  8. Web site: EU Parliament Removes Hikvision, Citing Human Rights Abuses . 29 April 2021 . 2021-05-08 . 2021-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210503174823/https://ipvm.com/reports/hik-eu . live .
  9. Web site: Changfa, Hikvision and Aisidi land on SME board . 2022-12-02 . www.szse.cn . 2022-12-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221202122049/http://www.szse.cn/English/about/news/szse/t20100528_558823.html . live .
  10. News: Condon. Stephanie. Movidius, Hikvision partner to make smarter security cameras. 2021-05-26. ZDNet. en. 2021-01-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210120013853/https://www.zdnet.com/article/movidius-hikvision-partner-to-make-smarter-security-cameras/. live.
  11. Web site: Hangzhou Hikstorage Technology Co., Ltd.. en.hikstorage.com. https://archive.today/20210405211834/http://en.hikstorage.com/AboutUs/About. 2021-04-05. 2021-04-09. en.
  12. News: Cheng . Isabella . 28 January 2021 . Hikvision Wins $33 Million Smart City Project Beating 3 Integrators . IPVM . 14 July 2021 . 2021-07-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210714144118/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-wins-over-integrators . live .
  13. Web site: Clark . Mitchell . Best Buy and Home Depot drop security cameras linked to Uyghur surveillance . The Verge . 25 October 2021 . 1 November 2021 . 2021-11-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211101182618/https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/25/22745068/best-buy-home-depot-lorex-ezviz-uyghur-surveillance-sales-dji . live .
  14. Web site: 2022-06-25 . Hikvision Wins PRC Police Project To Predict Protesters Entering Capital . 2022-07-25 . IPVM . en . 2022-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725021215/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-capital-platform . live .
  15. News: Mozur . Paul . Xiao . Muyi . Liu . John . 2022-06-26 . 'An Invisible Cage': How China Is Policing the Future . en-US . . 2022-07-25 . 0362-4331 . 2022-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725021212/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/25/technology/china-surveillance-police.html . live .
  16. News: Bhuiyan . Johana . 29 December 2022 . Police in China can track protests by enabling 'alarms' on Hikvision software . . 31 December 2022 . 2022-12-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221231233912/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/29/china-surveillance-protests-alarms-cameras-hikvision . live .
  17. News: November 13, 2023 . Hikvision Wins Project Requiring Ramadan Alerts Against Minorities . . November 14, 2023 . 2023-11-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231114095953/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-fasting . live .
  18. Web site: Healy . Conor . 2022-09-26 . Amazon Powers Dahua and Hikvision Sales and Cloud Services . 2022-09-28 . . en . 2022-09-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928013940/https://ipvm.com/reports/amazon-powers-hikua . live .
  19. News: Rollet . Charles . October 24, 2023 . Hikvision Violates Pledge, Ethnic Minority Analytics In Latest Platform . . October 23, 2023 . 2023-10-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231025202443/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-minority-isecure . live .
  20. Web site: Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. . 2024-07-25 . unglobalcompact.org.
  21. News: 15 January 2019 . How the Left Should Respond to Ethnic Cleansing in China . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200217134819/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/left-foreign-policy-china/ . 2020-02-17 . The United States has considered sanctioning the Chinese surveillance giant Hikvision, which has provided thousands of cameras that monitor mosques, schools, and concentration camps in Xinjiang..
  22. Web site: China Undercover . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200419180159/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/china-undercover/ . 2020-04-19 . 2020-04-20 . PBS.
  23. News: Lohr . Steve . 7 August 2019 . U.S. Moves to Ban Huawei From Government Contracts . The New York Times . live . 10 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190810074700/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/07/business/huawei-us-ban.html . 2019-08-10 . The prohibition was mandated by Congress...And it extends to other Chinese companies...including the telecom equipment maker ZTE and Hikvision, which develops facial-recognition technology.
  24. https://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/115/232.pdf John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
  25. News: Cockerell . Isobel . 28 June 2021 . The murky Chinese surveillance company at the center of a UK health ministry scandal . . live . 2021-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210629054834/https://www.codastory.com/authoritarian-tech/chinese-surveillance-technology-in-the-spotlight-in-wake-of-uk-health-secretarys-resignation/ . 2021-06-29.
  26. Web site: 9 October 2019 . Addition of Certain Entities to the Entity List . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200103133416/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/10/09/2019-22210/addition-of-certain-entities-to-the-entity-list . 2020-01-03 . 2020-01-03 . Federal Register.
  27. Web site: 新浪财经综合 . 9 October 2019 . 美将28家中国组织和企业列入实体清单 中企表示不服 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220504152341/https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/2019-10-09/doc-iicezuev0859361.shtml . 2022-05-04 . 2022-05-04 . Sina Corp.
  28. News: Carville . Olivia . Kahn . Jeremy . 22 May 2019 . China's Hikvision Has Probably Filmed You . . live . 2021-05-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510042923/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-22/china-s-hikvision-weighed-for-u-s-ban-has-probably-filmed-you . 2021-05-10.
  29. News: Allen-Ebrahimian . Bethany . 29 October 2019 . What a lobbyist's remarks behind closed doors tell you about Chinese money in Washington . . Opinion . live . 2019-10-30 . https://archive.today/20200217135721/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/10/29/what-lobbyists-remarks-behind-closed-doors-tell-you-about-chinese-money-washington/ . 2020-02-17.
  30. Web site: Honovich . John . 29 October 2019 . Senator Vitter Becomes "Proud Member Of The Hikvision Team", Calls Out "Anti-China" Rubio . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210729160725/https://ipvm.com/reports/vitter-hikvision . 2021-07-29 . 2021-07-12 . IPVM.
  31. Web site: Markay . Lachlan . 7 July 2021 . Chinese surveillance firm hires former top U.S. sanctions official as lobbyist . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210712223405/https://www.axios.com/chinese-surveillance-lobbying-us-sanctions-official-7863505e-babe-4e2a-aeaa-eed9c498b03b.html . 2021-07-12 . 2021-07-12 . . Axios Media.
  32. Web site: 2020-08-04 . Indian Government Restricts PRC Manufacturers From Public Projects . 2022-11-16 . . en . 2022-11-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221116160815/https://ipvm.com/reports/india-bidding-restrictions . live .
  33. News: Rollet . Charles . 29 April 2021 . EU Parliament Removes Hikvision, Citing Human Rights Abuses . IPVM . live . 2021-05-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210503174823/https://ipvm.com/reports/hik-eu . 2021-05-03.
  34. News: Vallance . Chris . 14 August 2021 . CCTV watchdog criticises Hikvision Uyghur response . en-GB . . live . 2021-08-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210814082023/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58188325 . 2021-08-14.
  35. News: Allen-Ebrahimian . Bethany . 2022-06-14 . HikVision cameras help Xinjiang police ensnare Uyghurs . en . Axios . live . 2022-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725020538/https://www.axios.com/2022/06/14/report-hikvision-cameras-xinjiang-police-uyghurs . 2022-07-25.
  36. News: Rollet . Charles . 22 June 2021 . 224 Hikvision Products Banned for One Year by South Korea . IPVM . live . subscription . 2021-09-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210910031737/https://ipvm.com/reports/korea-revoked . 2021-09-10.
  37. News: Sagar . Pradip R . 3 September 2021 . EXCLUSIVE: Indian military under target by Chinese origin surveillance systems . . live . 2021-09-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210910063131/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/09/03/indian-military-under-target-by-chinese-origin-surveillance-systems.html . 2021-09-10.
  38. News: Titcomb . James . 16 April 2022 . Health department bans Chinese cameras that caught Matt Hancock's affair . en-GB . . live . 2022-04-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220416070703/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2022/04/16/health-department-bans-chinese-cameras-caught-matt-hancocks/ . 2022-04-16 . 0307-1235.
  39. News: 2022-11-25 . UK restricts Chinese cameras in government buildings over security fears . en . . 2022-11-25 . 2022-11-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221124205236/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-restricts-chinese-cameras-government-buildings-over-security-fears-2022-11-24/ . live .
  40. Web site: 2022-08-09 . Ministry will no longer accept equipment from Chinese firm Hikvision . 2023-08-26 . RNZ . en-nz . 2023-02-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230223080823/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/472545/ministry-will-no-longer-accept-equipment-from-chinese-firm-hikvision . live .
  41. News: 2023-02-09 . Australian Defense Department to remove Chinese-made cameras . en . . 2023-02-10 . 2023-02-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210105521/https://apnews.com/article/technology-politics-united-states-government-australia-business-1aa321d1fba2e32629566f98093690a9 . live .
  42. News: Rollet . Charles . 12 June 2023 . Ukraine Declares Hikvision and Dahua "Sponsors of War" . . 12 June 2023 . 2023-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230612194641/https://ipvm.com/reports/ukraine-declares . live .
  43. News: Ovsyaniy . Kyrylo . Investigation: China's Hikvision, Dahua Security Cameras Heighten Risks Of Russian Attacks On Ukraine . 20 June 2024 . . 8 February 2024 . 2024-06-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620130825/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-cameras-china-security-risks-hikvision-dahua-schemes-investigation/32810571.html . live .
  44. News: Boffey . Daniel . reporter . Daniel Boffey Chief . 2023-10-23 . Chinese surveillance firm recommits to UK after new guidance . 2024-06-10 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077 . 2024-06-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240621054144/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/oct/23/chinese-surveillance-firm-hikvision-recommits-to-uk-after-new-guidance . live .
  45. News: Gabriel . Friedman . 11 March 2024 . Chinese-made cranes used at Canadian ports flagged as security concern by U.S. . 13 March 2024 . . 2024-03-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240312034130/https://financialpost.com/cybersecurity/chinese-made-cranes-canadian-ports-flagged-security-concern . live .
  46. Web site: 2024-01-03 . Man charged over alleged plans with firm linked to PLA . 2024-06-24 . Taipei Times.
  47. Web site: 2024-01-02 . Taiwan indicts man for helping China's Hikvision recruit talent . 2024-06-24 . . en . 2024-01-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240104004102/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/5070243 . live .
  48. News: Chen . Shawna . 12 November 2020 . Trump bans Americans from investing in 31 companies with links to Chinese military . . live . 2020-11-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211028203620/https://www.axios.com/china-military-trump-investments-ban-a0458e29-2245-4bde-920b-d1c6bc698370.html . 2021-10-28.
  49. News: Pamuk . Humeyra . Alper . Alexandra . Ali . Idrees . 12 November 2020 . Trump bans U.S. investments in firms linked to Chinese military . en . . live . 2020-11-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175811/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-securities-exclusive-idUSKBN27S2X3 . 2021-10-28.
  50. News: Kerber . Ross . Alper . Alexandra . 5 December 2020 . FTSE Russell to drop eight Chinese firms after U.S. blacklisting . en . . live . 2020-12-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205010416/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-indexes-idUSKBN28F008 . 2020-12-05.
  51. News: Evans . Zachary . 12 January 2021 . Biden Returns Donation from Dem Ex-Senator Who Registered as Foreign Agent for China . National Review . Yahoo! News . live . 12 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114093725/https://www.yahoo.com/news/biden-returns-donation-dem-ex-194314675.html . 2021-01-14.
  52. News: Shepardson . David . 13 March 2021 . Five Chinese companies pose threat to U.S. national security: FCC . en . Reuters . live . 2021-03-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210312205658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-tech-idUSKBN2B42DW . 2021-03-12.
  53. News: Bartz . Diane . Alper . Alexandra . 2022-11-25 . U.S. bans Huawei, ZTE equipment sales citing national security risk . en . . 2022-11-25 . 2022-11-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221125200919/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-fcc-bans-equipment-sales-imports-zte-huawei-over-national-security-risk-2022-11-25/ . live .
  54. News: 2023-03-28 . US slaps trade curbs on 5 Chinese firms over alleged role in Uyghur repression . en . . 2023-03-28 . 2023-03-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230328220222/https://www.reuters.com/world/us-slaps-trade-curbs-5-chinese-firms-over-alleged-role-uyghur-repression-2023-03-28/ . live .
  55. News: 2023-04-18 . Hikvision: Chinese surveillance tech giant denies leaked Pentagon spy claim . 2024-06-24 . . en-GB . 2024-02-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240221031159/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-65307503 . live .
  56. Book: 2017 Annual Report . 21 April 2018 . Hikvision . 11 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191900/http://www.szse.cn/disclosure/listed/bulletinDetail/index.html?14ef2e85-a4bd-4eca-a87d-d3d0903d5650 . 2018-09-11 . live . Shenzhen Stock Exchange website.
  57. News: One of China's richest men named in Hikvision securities probe. Reuters. 14 November 2019. 2020-06-30 . 2020-06-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200630123015/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-hikvision-probe/one-of-chinas-richest-men-named-in-hikvision-securities-probe-idUKKBN1XO03D. live.
  58. News: Investor defends backing blacklisted Chinese firm. 23 December 2019. BBC News. 2019-12-24. en-GB. 2019-12-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191224013035/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50887852. live.
  59. Book: http://disclosure.szse.cn/finalpage/2016-04-09/1202157224.PDF. zh:2015年年度报告. 2015 Annual Report. 9 April 2016. Hikvision. Shenzhen Stock Exchange. 15 November 2016. zh-cn. 2016-11-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161115193401/http://disclosure.szse.cn/finalpage/2016-04-09/1202157224.PDF. live.
  60. Web site: 3 May 2021 . Hikvision: Created And Controlled By China PRC Government . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210503174534/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-prc . 2021-05-03 . 2021-05-03 . IPVM . en.
  61. Web site: 29 August 2016 . Hikvision PRC China Government Origin And Control . 2021-05-03 . IPVM . en . 2021-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210503025648/https://ipvm.com/reports/hikvision-origin . live .
  62. News: 7 December 2015. Hikvision And The Chinese Government. IPVM. 2016-10-07. 2016-10-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010014452/https://ipvm.com/reports/heres-what-really-sets-hikvision-apart. live.
  63. Web site: Karantzoulidis. Steve. 17 February 2017. Hikvision President Chats With SSI About Cybersecurity, Privacy Concerns. 2017-04-05. securitysales.com. 2020-04-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418102140/https://www.securitysales.com/surveillance/hikvision_ssi_cybersecurity_backdoor_privacy_concerns/2/. live.
  64. Web site: ICS Advisory (ICSA-17-124-01) . . 4 May 2017 . Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency . CISA . 15 October 2021 . 2021-10-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211017065902/https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/ICSA-17-124-01 . live .
  65. News: Rollet . Charles . 17 May 2021 . Italian State News Investigates Hikvision . IPVM . subscription . 16 July 2021 . 2021-07-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210716204203/https://ipvm.com/reports/hik-italy . live .
  66. Web site: RCE Vulnerability in Hikvision Cameras (CVE-2021-36260) . . 28 September 2021 . Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency . CISA . 12 October 2021 . 2021-10-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211014013322/https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/09/28/rce-vulnerability-hikvision-cameras-cve-2021-36260 . live .
  67. News: Mathews . Lee . 22 September 2021 . Widely-Used Hikvision Security Cameras Vulnerable To Remote Hijacking . Forbes . 12 October 2021 . 2021-10-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211015205942/https://www.forbes.com/sites/leemathews/2021/09/22/widely-used-hikvision-security-cameras-vulnerable-to-remote-hijacking/ . live .
  68. News: Markay. Lachlan. 4 January 2022. Chinese surveillance firm ramps up fight against regulators . Axios . 4 January 2022 . 2022-01-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220104233551/https://www.axios.com/chinese-surveillance-firm-us-regulators-63d7a6f2-5d62-4c05-9a92-6bd0a2bbf1db.html. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Hikvision".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.