Handball has been played consistently at the Mediterranean Games since the year 1967 for men except in 1971 and since the year 1979 for women except 1983. The Yugoslavian national handball team is the most successful men's team and the French women's national handball team is the most successful team for women.
| Year | Host | width=1% rowspan=19 bgcolor=ffffff | Gold medal game | width=1% rowspan=19 bgcolor=ffffff | Bronze medal game | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold medalist | width=10% | Score | Silver medalist | Bronze medalist | width=10% | Score | width=15% | Fourth place | |||
| 1967 Details |  Tunis | ||||||||||
| 1971 Details |  İzmir | Cancelled | Cancelled | ||||||||
| 1975 Details | Algiers | ||||||||||
| 1979 Details | Split | 32 – 8 | 25 – 18 | ||||||||
| 1983 Details |  Casablanca | 17 – 11 | |||||||||
| 1987 Details |  Latakia | 24 – 23 Overtime | 25 – 23 | ||||||||
| 1991 Details |  Athens | ||||||||||
| 1993 Details |  Languedoc-Roussillon | 26 – 19 | 24 – 23 | ||||||||
| 1997 Details |  Bari | 21 – 20 | 31 – 27 | ||||||||
| 2001 Details | Tunis | 25 – 24[1] | 22 – 21[2] | ||||||||
| 2005 Details |  Almería | 28 – 21 | 32 – 26 | ||||||||
| 2009 Details | Pescara | 35 – 31 | 28 – 24 | ||||||||
| 2013 Details | Mersin | 28 – 23 | 32 – 26 | ||||||||
| 2018 Details | Tarragona | 24 – 23 | 30 – 19 | ||||||||
| 2022 Details | Oran | 28 – 27 | 34 – 29 | ||||||||
| 2026 Details | Taranto | ||||||||||
| 2030 Details | Pristina | ||||||||||
A round-robin tournament determined the final standings.
| Year | Host | width=1% rowspan=16 bgcolor=ffffff | Gold medal game | width=1% rowspan=16 bgcolor=ffffff | Bronze medal game | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold medalist | width=10% | Score | Silver medalist | Bronze medalist | width=10% | Score | width=15% | Fourth place | |||
| 1979 Details | Split | 18 – 16 | |||||||||
| 1983 Details | Casablanca | Cancelled | Cancelled | ||||||||
| 1987 Details | Latakia | ||||||||||
| 1991 Details | Athens | ||||||||||
| 1993 Details | Languedoc-Roussillon | ||||||||||
| 1997 Details | Bari | FR Yugoslavia | |||||||||
| 2001 Details | Tunis | 26 – 21[3] | 32 – 26[4] | FR Yugoslavia | |||||||
| 2005 Details | Almería | 30 – 29 | Serbia & Montenegro | 26 – 22 | |||||||
| 2009 Details | Pescara | 33 – 32 Overtime | 30 – 25 | ||||||||
| 2013 Details | Mersin | 25 – 19 | 25 – 24 | ||||||||
| 2018 Details | Tarragona | 27 – 23 | 30 – 29 | ||||||||
| 2022 Details | Oran | 29 – 25 | 26 – 22 | ||||||||
| 2026 Details | Taranto | ||||||||||
| 2030 Details | Pristina | ||||||||||