Hamsadhvani Explained

Hamsadhwani
Thaat:Bilaval
Type:Audava
Time:Early night, 9–12
Arohana:S R G P N Ṡ
Avarohana:Ṡ N P G R S
Vadi:P
Samavadi:R
Pakad:G P N - Ṡ N P G
Similar:Shankara

Hamsadhvani (meaning "the cry of the swan"[1]), is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an audava rāgam (or owdava rāga, meaning pentatonic scale).[2] It is a janya rāga of the Melakartha raga, Sankarabharanam (29th) but according to Hamsadhvani's prayoga or the way it is sung it is said to be the janya of Kalyani (65th).

Hamsadhvani is also extensively used in Hindustani music and is borrowed into it from Carnatic music.[3] It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817),[4] father of Muthuswami Dikshitar (one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into Hindustani music by Aman Ali Khan of the Bhendibazaar gharana. It has become popular due to Amir Khan.

Structure and lakshana

Hamsadhvani does not contain madhyamam or dhaivatham. It is a pentatonic scale (audava-audava ragam[5] in Carnatic music classification – audava meaning 'of 5'). Its structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam and kakali nishadam. In Hindustani music, it is associated with Bilaval thaat (equivalent of Shankarabharanam).

Compositions

Hamsadhvani rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions in both classical music and film music. It is usually sung at the beginning of a performance. There are many kritis (compositions) in praise of Lord Ganesha set in this musical scale.

Film songs

In Tamil language

SongMovieYearComposerSinger
Vaadaatha Pushpame.... Vanithaa ManiyeAdutha Veettu Penn1960Adi Narayana RaoP. B. Sreenivas
Mazhalai KaalamumSavithiri1980M. S. ViswanathanP. Jayachandran, Vani Jairam
Malargale NadhaswarangalKizhakke Pogum Rail1978IlaiyaraajaMalaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Mayile MayileKadavul Amaitha Medai1979S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Jency Anthony
Sevvaname PonmegameNallathoru KudumbamP. Jayachandran, Kalyani Menon, Jency,Sasirekha
Therkondu SendravanEnakkul Oruvan1984P. Susheela
Kalam Maralam(Ragamalika: Hamsadhvani, Vasanthi)VaazhkaiS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
Va Va Va Kanna VaVelaikkaran1987Mano, K. S. Chithra
PoomudithuEn Purushanthaan Enakku Mattumthaan1989P. Jayachandran,Sunandha
Nillavu Vandhadu(Ragamalika: Hamsadhvani, Vasanthi)Endrum Anbudan1992Mano, S. Janaki
Sriranga Ranganathanin(Ragamalika: Hamsadhvani, Mohanam)Mahanadhi1994S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Uma Ramanan, Shobana
Maalai En VethanaiSethu1999Unni Krishnan, Arunmozhi, S.N.Surendar
Diana DianaKaadhal Kavithai1998Hariharan
Nandri SollaChithirayil Nilachoru2013Karthik, Priyadarshini
Iru vizhiyinSiva1989S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
Yaaro Athu YaaroUngal Anbu Thangachi1994Chandrabose
Vasandhamum NeeyeKanneer Pookkal1981Shankar–GaneshS. Janaki
Isaiyin MazhaiyileKadaikan Parvai1986V. NarasimhanK. J. Yesudas, Vani Jairam
Naan Enna PadeUllathil Nalla Ullam1988Gangai AmaranS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Vellai PookalKannathil Muthamittal2002A. R. RahmanA. R. Rahman
Manmadha Maasam (Ragamalika: Vasanthi)Paarthale Paravasam2001Shankar Mahadevan, Nithyasree Mahadevan
DatingBoys2003Blaaze, Vasundhara Das
TheekuruviKangalal Kaidhu Sei2004Johnson, Harini & Mukesh
PoovukkulJeans1998P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha Mohan
En ManathaiKalloori Vaasal1996DevaHariharan, Anuradha Sriram
Oru Mani AdithalKaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga1997Hariharan
GadothkajaPammal K. Sambandam2002Srinivas, Mahalakshmi Iyer
VinodhamanavaleLovely2001Hariharan, Sujatha Mohan
Aayiram ThirnaalPudhu Vasantham1990S. A. RajkumarK. S. Chithra,Kalyan
Udaiyatha VennilaPriyam1996VidyasagarHariharan,K. S. Chithra
Nee Pesum PoovaGolmaal1998Bala Bharathi
Imaikkatha VizhigalKadhal Dot Com2004BharadwajSrinivas, Srimathumitha
Unnodu VaazhathaAmarkalam1999K. S. Chithra
SiragillaiVaaname Ellai1992M. M. Keeravani
Vanthal PugunthaAmman Kovil Vaasalile1996SirpyK. S. Chithra,Swarnalatha
Nenjodu KalanthiduKaadhal Kondein2003Yuvan Shankar RajaP. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha Mohan
Manja Kaattu MainaManadhai Thirudivittai2001Karthik, Sadhana Sargam
Azhagana Chinna DevathaiSamudhiramSabesh–MuraliShankar Mahadevan, Harini
Suppose UnnaiSukran2005Vijay AntonyRanjith,Vinaya
Aval Appadi OnrumAngadi Theru2010Vineeth Sreenivasan, Ranjith,Janaki Iyer
Natta Nadu RathiriA Aa E Ee2009Karthik, Sangeetha Rajeshwaran,Christopher
Molachu MoonuVelayudham2011Prasanna, Supriya Joshi
Poovin Manam Poovil EllaiNarthagiG. V. Prakash KumarTippu,Harini
IngivalaiNinaithu Ninaithu Parthen2007Joshua SridharGoutham, Harini Sudhakar
Koba Kanalgal TheeradhaUnarvugal ThodarkathaiAmin MirzaGowtham Bhardwaj
Kadhale Kadhale Konjam Koffee Konjam Kaadhal2012Phani KalyanPrasanna, Neha Nair

In Malayalam language

SongMovieYearComposerSinger
"Sree vinayakam"Bharatham1991RaveendranK. J. Yesudas
"Aa ragam madhumayamam"Kshanakkathu1989SharrethK. J. Yesudas
"Maayamanjalil"Ottayal Pattalam1991SharrethG. Venugopal
"sumahorthama swasthi"(ragamalika)Kamaladalam1992RaveendranK. J. Yesudas
"Sree Padam vidarnu"Etho Oru Swapnam1978Salil ChowdhuryK. J. Yesudas
"Nadangalay nee varu"Ninnishtam Ennishtam1986Kannur RajanP. Jayachandran, K. S. Chitra

Related rāgas

Graha bhedham

Hamsadhvani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields another pentatonic rāgam, Nagasvaravali. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Hamsadhvani.

Scale similarities

Rāgam Śruti
Tonic
C D E F G A B C
Hamsadhvani C S R2 G3 P N3 S'
Amritavarshini C S G3 M2 P N3 S'
Gambhiranata CSG3M1PN3S'
Rāgam Śruti
Tonic
C D E F G A B C
Hamsadhvani CSR2G3P-N3S'
Mohanam C S R2 G3 P D2 - S'
Niroshta C S R2 G3 - D2 N3 S'

In Hindustani music

Vadi and samavadi

Vadi

Sa

Samavadi

Pa

Pakad or chalan

ga pa ni Sa ga re ni paSaThe Pakad is the one where one can identify to which raga does the composition belongs.

Organization and relationships

Thaat

Bilaval.

Time

Late Evening[6]

Important recordings

Literature

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Bor . Joep . Rao . Suvarnalata . The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindusthani Ragas . 1999 . Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music . 978-0-9543976-0-9 . 80 . en.
  2. Book: O'Brien, J.P. . Non-western Music and the Western Listener . Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company . 1977 . 978-0-8403-1755-1 . 37.
  3. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
  4. There is no much reference about how the kriti Gajavadana Beduve by Purandaradasa was composed between 1484 - 1564 in the same tune.http://www.carnatica.net/special/rdiksitar.htm P.P.Narayanaswami on www.carnatica.net
  5. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  6. w.w.w.wikipedia