Hamilton Hartridge Explained

Hamilton Hartridge
Birth Date:	7 May 1886
Birth Place:	London, England
Spouse:	Kathleen Wilson
Children:	4
Education:	Harrow School, King's College, Cambridge, St George's Hospital, London
Awards:	Fellow of the Royal Society
Fields:	vision, hearing, fast reaction kinetics
Workplaces:	University of Cambridge St Bartholomew's Hospital, London; Medical Research Council
Known For:	Continuous flow apparatus

Hamilton Hartridge (7 May 1886 – 13 January 1976) was a British eye physiologist and medical writer.^[1] Known for his ingenious experimentation and instrument construction abilities, he designed what is called the Hartridge Reversion Spectrometer.^[2] This was used for pioneering studies on haemoglobin oxygen-binding studies.

Hartridge was educated at Harrow and King's College, Cambridge, where he became a fellow from 1912 to 1926. He graduated in medicine from St George's Hospital in 1914, serving during the war as an experimental officer at RNAS Kingsnorth. In 1916 he married Kathleen Wilson, and they later had four children together.^[3] After the war he stayed in Cambridge University as lecturer in special senses and senior demonstrator in physiology. He gained a reputation as an ingenious experimenter, constructing, for example, the continuous-flow apparatus for measuring the rates of very fast reactions,^[4] as well as working to revise established medical textbooks. His research on the senses of bats identified their use of echolocation to navigate, and in 1920 he correctly proposed that bats use frequencies beyond the range of human hearing.^[5]

From 1927 to 1947 he was professor of physiology at St Bartholomew's Hospital, and from 1947 to 1951 director of the vision research unit of the Medical Research Council.^{[1] [6]} He was president of the Quekett Microscopical Club from 1951 to 1954 and he was elected an Honorary Member in 1952. He was Gresham Professor of Physic. In 1946 he delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures entitled "Colours and how we see them".

The National Portrait Gallery holds a portrait of him.^[7]

Works

• Chapter on the sense organs, in Ernest Henry Starling, Principles of human physiology, 3rd ed, London: J. & A. Churchill, 1920.
• Supplementary essay in William Pole, The philosophy of music, 6th ed., London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.; New York, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1924. The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method.
• Bainbridge & Menzies' Essentials of physiology, 7th ed., 1929.
• Colours and how we see them, 1949.
• Recent advances in the physiology of vision, 1950.

Further reading

• Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol 23, 1977, pp 193–211.

Notes and References

1. 'Obituary: H. Hartridge', British Medical Journal, 20 March 1976, p.716
2. Frederick . Robert C. . 1937 . The Hartridge reversion spectroscope for the examination of blood for carbon monoxide; improvements in design, assembly and technique . The Analyst . en . 62 . 735 . 452 . 10.1039/an9376200452 . 1937Ana....62..452F . 0003-2654.
3. Hamilton Hartridge, 7 May 1886 - 13 January 1976 . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . November 1977 . 23 . 192–211 . 10.1098/rsbm.1977.0008 . en . 0080-4606.
4. A method for measuring the velocity of very rapid chemical reactions . Hartridge . H. . Roughton . F. J. W. . 1923 . Proceedings of the Royal Society A . 104 . 726 . 376–394 . 10.1098/rspa.1923.0116 . 1923RSPSA.104..376H . free .
5. Hartridge . Hamilton . "The avoidance of objects by bats in their flight" . Journal of Physiology . 1920 . 54 . 1–2 . 54–57 . 10.1113/jphysiol.1920.sp001908 . 16993475 . 1405739 .
6. Hartridge . Hamilton . Prof. Hamilton Hartridge, F.R.S . Nature . 1 January 1948 . 161 . 4080 . 49 . 10.1038/161049a0 . 1948Natur.161Q..49. . en . 1476-4687.
7. Web site: National Portrait Gallery - Hamilton Hartridge portrait 1931 . NPG.org.uk . 5 March 2024.