| Hamengkubuwono II | |
| Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan Sepuh | |
| Succession: | Sultan of Yogyakarta |
| Reign: | 2 April 1792 – 31 December 1810 |
| Reign-Type: | First reign |
| Birth Date: | 7 March 1750 |
| Predecessor: | Hamengkubuwono I |
| Successor: | Hamengkubuwono III |
| Birth Name: | Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro |
| Death Place: | Yogyakarta |
| Burial Place: | Kotagede, Yogyakarta |
| Issue: | Hamengkubuwono III |
| Regnal Name: | Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwana Senapati-ing-Ngalaga 'Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang Jumeneng Kaping Kalih ing Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat |
| House: | Mataram |
| Father: | Hamengkubuwono I |
| Mother: | Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kadipaten |
| Religion: | Islam |
| Reign-Type1: | Second reign |
| Reign1: | 28 December 1811 – 20 June 1812 |
| Predecessor1: | Hamengkubuwono III |
| Successor1: | Hamengkubuwono III |
| Reign-Type2: | Third reign |
| Reign2: | 20 September 1826 – 3 January 1828 |
| Predecessor2: | Hamengkubuwono V |
| Successor2: | Hamengkubuwono V |
| Spouse 2: | GKR Hemas |
| Spouse 1: | GKR Kedhaton |
| Spouse 3: | GKR Kencono Wulan |
| Spouse 4: | GKR Sultan |
| Spouse 5: | 27 concubines |
| Birth Place: | Mount Sindoro, Central Java |
Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro,[1] was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792 - 1810,[2] 1811–12[3] and finally 1826 - 28 during the Java War.
He succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono I who died in 1792. After Daendels pressured him, in December 1810, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Raden Mas Surojo who was made the new sultan, under the name Hamengkubuwono III. However, nearly one year later, in 1811, the English under Stamford Raffles restored him to the throne. However, due to his aggressive behaviour towards the English, six months later in June 1812, he was deposed and exiled to Penang. He returned to Java in 1815, but in 1817, deeming him as a threat, he was exiled for the second time by the Dutch, this time to Ambon.
In 1826, the Dutch decided to return him from exile and restored him as the sultan. His third reign coincided with the Java War. On 3 January 1828, he died. He was succeeded by his great-grandson, Hamengkubuwono V. He was buried in Kotagede instead of the royal graveyard of Imogiri, due to the turbulence at the time.