| Succession: | Sultan of Yogyakarta |
| Predecessor: | Hamengkubuwono II |
| Successor: | Hamengkubuwono II |
| Successor2: | Hamengkubuwono IV |
| Predecessor2: | Hamengkubuwono II |
| Birth Date: | 20 February 1769 |
| Birth Name: | Gusti Raden Mas Suraja |
| Father: | Hamengkubuwana II |
| Mother: | Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kedhaton |
| Spouses: | Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Wandhan (m. 1805) |
| Issue: | Hamengkubuwana IV |
Hamengkubuwono III (also spelled Hamengkubuwana III, 20 February 1769 – 3 November 1814) was the third sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 1810 to 1811 after his father's forced abdication. His father reclaimed the throne while the Europeans were distracted by the Napoleonic Wars, but was overthrown again by a British invasion supported by the Legiun Mangkunegaran, leaving Hamengkubuwono III to rule from 1812 to 1814.[1] His eldest son was Diponegoro, born from, and his son and successor Hamengkubuwono IV was a half brother of Diponegoro.