| Hamburger Hallig Hamborjer Håli / Hamborg hallig | |
| Image Alt: | Three houses, two of them with thatched roofs, and a shed are located on a hill at the end of a field track |
| Location: | Nordfriesland, Germany |
| Coordinates: | 54.5994°N 8.8189°W |
| Archipelago: | North Frisian Islands |
| Waterbody: | Wadden Sea, German Bight |
| Area Km2: | 1.1 |
| Length Km: | 4 |
| Width Km: | 2 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Country Admin Divisions Title: | State |
| Country Admin Divisions: | Schleswig-Holstein |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 1: | District |
| Country Admin Divisions 1: | Nordfriesland |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 2: | Municipality |
| Country Admin Divisions 2: | Reußenköge |
Hamburger Hallig (Danish: Hamborg hallig, North Frisian: Hamborjer Håli) is an area on the westcoast of Nordfriesland district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, that is not protected by sea dikes. It is therefore counted among the Halligen islands.
The island was named after two merchants from Hamburg, the brothers Rudolf and Arnold Amsinck.[1] They were granted a privilege to purchase and maintain land in the northeastern area of Strand island, where they constructed dikes in the years 1624 to 1628. The newly secured land was called the Amsinck polder. However, the Burchardi Flood of 1634 destroyed the dikes, leaving only one artificial dwelling hill with "Hamburger Haus" [Hamburg house] on it intact. Afterwards the dikes were restored at high financial costs. In 1661, the house was torn down and replaced by a smaller building. In 1711, the island had again become an undiked Hallig. It remained property of the Amsick family until 1760.
The name "Hamburger Hallig" was first recorded in 1781. The house on the island was eventually destroyed in the February flood of 1825.
In 1855 a causeway was planned to connect the island with mainland North Frisia. It was built in 1859/60 but it broke already in 1860. In 1866/7, a fascine dam was constructed between the Bordelum sluice and Hamburger Hallig. This dam was paved in 1874 and got a spillover vent, which was removed though in 1875. The interruption of tidal current by the causeway led to a considerable increase in sedimentation on both side of the dam. The experience gained from the construction of the Hamburger Hallig dam became influential for the further development of land reclamation in North Frisia. In 1878, the fiscal authority purchased the Hallig and leased it to local farmers. In 1880, an artesian well was constructed on the island, and the causeway became traversable in 1901.
In 1908, the area of Hamburger Hallig measured . Growing steadily, it amounted to on 16 April 1930. On this day, Hamburger Hallig was declared a nature reserve to protect the local populations of pied avocets. Today, Hamburger Hallig, together with the floodplains and salt marshes off the Sönke-Nissen-Koog polder, encompasses an area of roughly and is maintained by Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU).[1]
Strictly speaking, Hamburger Hallig is no longer an island because it has been connected to the mainland by the causeway. Today, it adjoins to the floodplains off Sönke-Nissen-Koog, and like the latter it is part of the Reußenköge municipality. Until 1899 though, Hamburger Hallig was administered as an unincorporated estate.[2] Modern coastal management protects the west coast of Hamburger Hallig from further erosion.
Today, there are three artificial hills (German: Warft) on Hamburger Hallig including one hill on the floodplains and one without buildings.
The main Warft is located four kilometres west off the sea dike of Sönke-Nissen-Koog. It does not have a proper name. On it, there are three buildings:
Kuhberg, the "cow hill", is located 300 m south of the main Warft. It is a flat hill without buildings that serves as refuge for cattle and sheep during light floodings of the island.
"Sheeps' hill" is a hill two kilometres west off the mainland, halfways between Hamburger Hallig and the mainland. Located on the salt marshes, it serves as an information post for NABU. Throughout the year, the lodge at Claus-Jürgen Reitmann-Haus is only temporarily used by voluntary NABU wardens.[3]