Hailu dialect should not be confused with Haifeng dialect.
| Hailu dialect | |
| Also Known As: | Hoiliuk dialect |
| Nativename: | |
| States: | China, Taiwan and Indonesia |
| Region: | Shanwei, Guangdong; Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, Taoyuan, Hualien County, and Miaoli County, Taiwan; West Kalimantan, Indonesia |
| Familycolor: | Sino-Tibetan |
| Fam2: | Sinitic |
| Fam3: | Chinese |
| Fam4: | Hakka–Gan? |
| Fam5: | Hakka–She? |
| Fam6: | Hakka |
| Agency: | Hakka Affairs Council |
| Isoexception: | dialect |
| Linglist: | hak-hai |
| Lingname: | Hailu |
| Glotto: | hail1247 |
| Glottoname: | Hailu |
| Glottofoot: | no |
| Script: | Chinese characters Pha̍k-fa-sṳ |
The Hailu dialect (; Hailu Hakka Romanization System: hoi´ liug` kiong`), also known as the Hoiluk dialect or Hailu Hakka, is a dialect of Hakka Chinese that originated in Shanwei, Guangdong. It is also the second most common dialect of Hakka spoken in Taiwan.
The first edition of the Language Atlas of China places the Hakka dialects spoken in Haifeng and Lufeng[1] into the Xin–Hui cluster of the Yue–Tai subgroup of Hakka. In the second edition, it is given its own subgroup known as the Hai–Lu subgroup separate from the Yue–Tai subgroup.
Chang Song-hing and Zhuang Chusheng propose that it should be grouped as the Hai–Lu cluster of the Mei–Shao subgroup .
In China, the Hailu dialect is spoken in Shanwei, Guangdong, particularly in Haifeng, Lufeng, and Luhe. As of 2012, there are around 1.18 million speakers of the dialect in these three areas.
In Taiwan, it is spoken in Hsinchu County (Xinfeng, Xinpu, Hukou, Qionglin, Hengshan, Guanxi, Beipu, Baoshan, Emei, and Zhudong), Hsinchu City (Xiangshan and Xinfeng), Taoyuan (mostly in Guanyin, Xinwu, and Yangmei; also pockets in Pingzhen, Zhongli, and Longtan), Hualien County (Ji'an, Shoufeng, Guangfu, Yuli, Ruisui, and Fenglin), and Miaoli County (Toufen, Sanwan, Nanzhuang, Xihu, Houlong, Zaoqiao, Tongxiao, and Tongluo). In 2013, 41.5% of Hakka people in Taiwan were reported to be able to communicate in the Hailu dialect.
In Indonesia, it is widely spoken in northern West Kalimantan, including Singkawang, Sambas, and Pemangkat.
The Hailu dialect has seven lexical tones:
| Tone name | dark level (Chinese: 阴平 / Chinese: 陰平) | light level (Chinese: 阳平 / Chinese: 陽平) | rising (Chinese: 上声 / Chinese: 上聲) | dark departing (Chinese: 阴去 / Chinese: 陰去) | light departing (Chinese: 阳去 / Chinese: 陽去) | dark entering (Chinese: 阴入 / Chinese: 陰入) | light entering (Chinese: 阳入 / Chinese: 陽入) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Example | Chinese: 夫 | Chinese: 扶 | Chinese: 府 | Chinese: 富 | Chinese: 护 / Chinese: 護 | Chinese: 福 | Chinese: 服 | |
| Hetian, Luhe | pronounced as /˥˧/ (53) | pronounced as /˥/ (55) | pronounced as /˨˩˧/ (213) | pronounced as /˧˩/ (31) | pronounced as /˨/ (22) | pronounced as /˧˦/ (34) | pronounced as /˥˦/ (54) | |
| Hsinchu | pronounced as /˥˧/ (53) | pronounced as /˥/ (55) | pronounced as /˨˦/ (24) | pronounced as /˩/ (11) | pronounced as /˧/ (33) | pronounced as /˥/ (5) | pronounced as /˨/ (2) | |