| Haeju | |
| Native Name Lang: | ko |
| Settlement Type: | Municipal City |
| Translit Lang1: | Korean |
| Translit Lang1 Type: | Chosŏn'gŭl |
| Translit Lang1 Info: | 해주시 |
| Translit Lang1 Type1: | Hancha |
| Translit Lang1 Info2: | Haeju-si |
| Translit Lang1 Info3: | Haeju-si |
| Pushpin Map: | North Korea |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location within North Korea |
| Coordinates: | 38.05°N 168°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | North Korea |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | South Hwanghae |
| Parts Type: | Administrative divisions |
| Parts: | 25 tong, 4 ri |
| Area Total Km2: | 206.9 |
| Population As Of: | 2008 |
| Population Total: | 273300 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Dialect |
| Population Blank1: | Hwanghae |
| Timezone: | Pyongyang Time |
| Utc Offset: | +9 |
Haeju (pronounced as /ko/) is a city located in South Hwanghae Province near Haeju Bay in North Korea. It is the administrative centre of South Hwanghae Province. As of 2008, the population of the city is estimated to be 273,300. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became a strategic port in Sino-Korean trade. Haeju has chemical-related enterprises and a cement factory.
The area around Haeju is known to have been inhabited since the Neolithic period, as shellmounds, pottery, and stone tools have been found at Ryongdangp'o. During the early Three kingdoms period, it was briefly governed by a small chieftain, when it was known as "Naemihol" . In 757, however, it was conquered by the Goguryeo kingdom, who later lost it to Silla. It was under the Goryeo dynasty's King T'aejo that it received its current name.
Sohyon Academy (소현서원) was a Confucian academy founded near Haeju by the famous Joseonese scholar Yi I (1536–84) after his retirement. It is situated in Unbyong Valley, a part of Soktamgugok (Nine valleys of pools and rocks).
According to the North Korean government, the North Korean attack on South Korea on 25 June 1950 was a response to a two-day long bombing by the South Koreans and their surprise attacks on Haeju and other places. Early in the morning of 25 June, before the dawn counterattack in the North Korean account, the South Korean Office of Public Information announced that the Southern forces had captured Haeju.[1] The South Korean government later denied capturing the town and blamed the report on an exaggerating officer. Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union proposed that North Korea would be invited to the UN Security Council to present its side of the story. Both proposals were voted down.[2]
Haeju City is located on the westernmost edge of the Korean Peninsula, 60 km north of the Military Demarcation Line and 100 km south of Pyongyang. The city, being not very mountainous, is composed mostly of plains. All the mountains located within the city are under 1,000 m in elevation.
Haeju has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dwa), with cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers.
Haeju is divided into several urban neighborhoods ("dong") and several rural villages ("ri").[3]
| Chosŏn'gŭl | Hancha | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Changch'un-dong | 장춘동 | ||
| Haech'ŏng-dong | 해청동 | ||
| Haeun-dong | 해운동 | ||
| Hakhyŏn-dong | 학현동 | ||
| Kuje-dong | 구제동 | ||
| Kwangha-dong | 광하동 | ||
| Kwangsŏk-tong | 광석동 | ||
| Kyŏlsŏng-dong | 결성동 | ||
| Namsan-dong | 남산동 | ||
| Okkye-dong | 옥계동 | ||
| Puyong-dong | 부용동 | ||
| Ryongdang-dong | 룡당동 | ||
| Saegŏri-dong | 새거리동 | 새거리 | |
| Sami-dong | 사미동 | ||
| Sansŏng-dong | 산성동 | ||
| Sŏae-dong | 서애동 | ||
| Sŏkch'ŏn-dong | 석천동 | ||
| Sŏkmi-dong | 석미동 | ||
| Sŏnsan-dong | 선산동 | ||
| Sŭngma-dong | 승마동 | ||
| Taegok-tong | 대곡동 | ||
| Ŭpp'a-dong | 읍파동 | ||
| Yangsa-dong | 양사동 | ||
| Yŏnggwang-dong | 영광동 | ||
| Yŏnha-dong | 연하동 | ||
| Chakch'ŏl-li | 작천리 | ||
| Changbang-ri | 장방리 | ||
| Singwang-ri | 신광리 | ||
| Yŏngyang-ri | 영양리 |
Famous tourist attractions in the city center include Puyong Pavilion, the Haeju Dharani Monument, the Haeju Sokbinggo, and several trees classified as living monuments. Farther out, scenic spots include Suyangsan Falls, the Sokdamgugok scenic area, Suyangsan Fortress and the Sohyon Academy.
Haeju Special Economic Zone was announced in the Second Inter-Korean summit meeting between the South Korean president Roh Moo-Hyun and the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-Il. It was to be a Special Economic Zone centered on the Haeju port. The zone would have consisted of 16.5 km2 of development, and also the expansion of the Haeju port. This project was estimated to cost over US$4.5 billion.[4]
This economic agreement between South Korea and North Korea would have allowed trading across the Northern Limit Line[5] between the ports of Incheon and Haeju, only 110 km apart. Recent military skirmishes make any revival of this deal unlikely for the time being.
Haeju has a military and civilian dual purposes air station (HAE), with a 12/30 runway (Haeju Airport). Haeju also has one of the major economic and military ports in North Korea. It is connected to Sariwŏn via the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.
Haeju is home to Haeju University of Education, Haeju College of Art, and Kim Je Won Haeju University of Agriculture.Sohyon Academy (소현서원) was a Confucian academy founded by the famous scholar Yi Yulgok (1536–84). It is situated in the Unbyong Valley west of Haeju.
The Korean Central Broadcasting Station airs on AM 1080 kHz using a 1.5-megawatt mediumwave transmitter.
Haeju is the home of the Haeju Choi and the Haeju Oh clan.
