| Hadži-Prodan's Cave | |
| Native Name: | Хаџи-Проданова пећина |
| Alternate Name: | Hadži Prodanova |
| Map Type: | Serbia |
| Map Alt: | Hadži-Prodan's Cave in Serbia |
| Map Size: | 240 |
| Relief: | yes |
| Coordinates: | 43.6335°N 20.2423°W |
| Location: | Raščići village, near Ivanjica |
| Region: | western central Serbia, |
| Epochs: | Palaeolithic |
| Occupants: | Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens |
The Hadži-Prodan's Cave (Serbian: Хаџи-Проданова пећина|Hadži-Prodanova pećina) is an archaeological site of the Paleolithic period and a national natural monument, located in the village Raščići around 7km (04miles) from Ivanjica in western central Serbia. The rather narrow and high entrance with at an altitude of 630m (2,070feet) above sea level sits about 40m (130feet) above the Rašćanska river valley bed and is oriented towards the south. The 345m (1,132feet) long cave was formed during the Late Cretaceous in "thick-bedded to massive" Senonian limestone. Prehistoric pottery shards and Pleistocene faunal fossils had already been collected by Zoran Vučićević from Ivanjica. Animal fossils especially Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) and Iron Age artifact discoveries during an unrelated areal survey were reportedly made at the cave entrance and in the main cavern.[1] The site is named in honor of Hadži-Prodan, a 19th century Serbian revolutionary.
Hadži Prodanova has been the subject of research and study in speleological and archaeological literature for over a century. It received renewed attention after a 2003 to 2004 joint excavation campaign of the University of Belgrade, the National Museum of Serbia and the Institute for Protection of Cultural Heritage in Kraljevo. It was decided to thoroughly review and document the site as material and objects of Palaeolithic origin and fossilized bones of Pleistocene fauna were unearthed during previous survey excavations. Probes had been taken to identify the foundations and map the original position of an early 20th century Church (St. Archangel Michael) that once stood right in front of the cave's entrance in order to accurately assess the feasibility of its reconstruction.[1] In 2003 a 2.5m (08.2feet) deep trench of 16m2 was dug in the entrance, the main cavern and the internal part of the cave plateau. Only fifteen Palaeolithic artifacts were discovered inside the cave. Most discoveries originate from the frontal plateau.[1] The aim of the excavation was to evaluate the stratigraphic position of the findings. Hadži Prodanova has yielded sizable faunal deposits of various large and small vertebrates. Five sediment layers were investigated and the remains of cave bears, wolves, ibex, various rodents and birds unearthed.[1] In total, 13 species of rodents have been found, which are still extant. Composition and frequency helped to better determine the ecological characteristics of the stratigraphic segments.[1]
In a 2010 preliminary taphonomic analysis it was concluded, that "human occupation was very brief, maybe only a few hours, which is somewhat more common in the Middle Paleolithic than in the Epigravettian". However, Hadži Prodanova and the nearby Šalitrena cave are so far the only cave sites in the Central Balkan mountains, that have produced evidence for human presence in a Gravettian and/or Epigravettian cultural context.[1] Dušan Mihailović argues in "Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research in the Central Balkans" that Gravettian communities populated South-eastern Europe around 26,000 years ago - the beginning of the last glacial maximum, avoided mountainous habitats and preferably retreated to shelters near the coast and the southern Balkans.[2] [3]
The interior sediments are around 2.5m (08.2feet) high and constitute a stratigraphic sequence of five cultural layers.
Hadzi Prodanova has been put under national protection in 1974 and its protection status was reviewed and approved in 2005.[4]