| Hacienda Dzibikak | |
| Settlement Type: | Private Residence / Event Venue |
| Pushpin Map: | Mexico |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Mexico |
| Coordinates: | 20.9025°N -89.7942°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Mexico |
| Subdivision Type1: | Mexican States |
| Subdivision Name1: | Yucatán |
| Subdivision Type2: | Municipalities |
| Subdivision Name2: | Umán Municipality |
| Timezone1: | CST |
| Utc Offset1: | −6 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CDT |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | −5 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 97391[1] |
| Area Code Type: | Area code |
| Area Code: | 988[2] |
Hacienda Dzibikak is located in the Umán Municipality within the town of Umán in the state of Yucatán in southeastern Mexico. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century henequen boom.
The name (Dzibikak) is a word from the Mayan language meaning 'written with fire'.[3]
The property is located south of Mérida in the town of Umán.
See main article: Haciendas of Yucatán.
Dzibikak was a Mayan settlement that emerged five centuries ago as an agricultural trading center. Small settlements were planted with crops such as maize, beans and cotton to trade with the coastal towns for fish and salt. After the Spanish invasion, encomiendas were established in these settlement centers, which gave rise to the interior haciendas of the Hunucmá District.[4]
Hacienda Dzibikak was operational in 1860 and in 1879 had a population of 231 people. The owner of Dzibikak in 1882 also owned Hacienda Sacnicté.[5] In 1910 the hacienda had a population of between 200 and 400 people.[6] With the decline of the sisal industry and a fire in the warehouse which collapsed the walls and ceilings, the buildings were abandoned.[7]
In 2005, Richard and Lena Nichols purchased the ruins of Hacienda Dzibikak. They spent the next 6 years renovating the property which is now available for weddings, photo sessions, ‘quinceañeras’ or corporate events. It has hosted a ballet with 300 attendees and is the location for the annual Mérida Music Festival.[8]
All of the henequen plantations ceased to exist as autonomous communities with the agrarian land reform implemented by President Lazaro Cardenas in 1937. His decree turned the haciendas into collective ejidos, leaving only 150 hectares to the former landowners for use as private property.[9] Figures before 1937 indicate populations living on the farm. After 1937, figures indicate those living in the community, as the remaining Hacienda Dzibikak houses only the owner's immediate family.
A pueblo of the same name surrounds the hacienda. According to census of 2005 conducted by the INEGI, the population of the city was 1,238 inhabitants, of whom 628 were men and 610 were women; while in 2010, the INEGI reported a total of 1,388 inhabitants.[10]
| Year | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 290 | 358 | 284 | 297 | 256 | 304 | 351 | 463 | 621 | 800 | 994 | 1,069 | 1,238 | 1,388 |