HTATSF1 explained

HIV Tat-specific factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTATSF1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

Whereas most DNA sequence-specific transcription factors increase the rate of initiation and interact with enhancer or promoter DNA, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat predominantly stimulates elongation and interacts with the trans-acting responsive (TAR) RNA element. Tat is essential for HIV replication.

HTATSF1 has also been shown to be involved in intron retention, and is associated with splicing of mRNAs that encode ribosomal proteins.^[3] It is also associated with a naïve pluripotent state, although the relationship is complex and is strongly affected by other pluripotency factors such as Nanog and KLF2.

Interactions

HTATSF1 has been shown to interact with SUPT5H^[4] and GTF2F2.^[4]

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Zhou Q, Chen D, Pierstorff E, Luo K . Transcription elongation factor P-TEFb mediates Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription at multiple stages . EMBO J. . 17 . 13 . 3681–91 . 1998 . 9649438 . 10.1093/emboj/17.13.3681 . 1170704 .
• Yan D, Perriman R, Igel H, etal . CUS2, a yeast homolog of human Tat-SF1, rescues function of misfolded U2 through an unusual RNA recognition motif . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 18 . 9 . 5000–9 . 1998 . 9710584 . 10.1128/MCB.18.9.5000. 109085 .
• Li XY, Green MR . The HIV-1 Tat cellular coactivator Tat-SF1 is a general transcription elongation factor . Genes Dev. . 12 . 19 . 2992–6 . 1998 . 9765201 . 10.1101/gad.12.19.2992 . 317190 .
• Parada CA, Roeder RG . A novel RNA polymerase II-containing complex potentiates Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription . EMBO J. . 18 . 13 . 3688–701 . 1999 . 10393184 . 10.1093/emboj/18.13.3688 . 1171446 .
• Kim JB, Yamaguchi Y, Wada T, etal . Tat-SF1 protein associates with RAP30 and human SPT5 proteins . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 19 . 9 . 5960–8 . 1999 . 10454543 . 10.1128/mcb.19.9.5960. 84462 .
• Fong YW, Zhou Q . Relief of two built-In autoinhibitory mechanisms in P-TEFb is required for assembly of a multicomponent transcription elongation complex at the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 20 . 16 . 5897–907 . 2000 . 10913173 . 10.1128/MCB.20.16.5897-5907.2000 . 86067 .
• Suñé C, Goldstrohm AC, Peng J, etal . An in vitro transcription system that recapitulates equine infectious anemia virus tat-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat activity demonstrates a role for positive transcription elongation factor b and associated proteins in the mechanism of Tat activation . Virology . 274 . 2 . 356–66 . 2000 . 10964778 . 10.1006/viro.2000.0480 . free .
• Simmons A, Aluvihare V, McMichael A . Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators . Immunity . 14 . 6 . 763–77 . 2001 . 11420046 . 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00158-3 . free .
• Fong YW, Zhou Q . Stimulatory effect of splicing factors on transcriptional elongation . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 929–33 . 2002 . 11780068 . 10.1038/414929a . 1518837 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Zhou BY, He JJ . Proliferation inhibition of astrocytes, neurons, and non-glial cells by intracellularly expressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein . Neurosci. Lett. . 359 . 3 . 155–8 . 2004 . 15050687 . 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.02.012 . 3048557 .
• Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, etal . Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain . Mol. Cell. Proteomics . 3 . 11 . 1093–101 . 2005 . 15345747 . 10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200 . free .
• Smith MJ, Kulkarni S, Pawson T . FF domains of CA150 bind transcription and splicing factors through multiple weak interactions . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 24 . 21 . 9274–85 . 2004 . 15485897 . 10.1128/MCB.24.21.9274-9285.2004 . 522232 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Zhou M, Deng L, Lacoste V, etal . Coordination of transcription factor phosphorylation and histone methylation by the P-TEFb kinase during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription . J. Virol. . 78 . 24 . 13522–33 . 2004 . 15564463 . 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13522-13533.2004 . 533906 .
• Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, etal . The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome . Nature . 434 . 7031 . 325–37 . 2005 . 15772651 . 10.1038/nature03440 . 2665286 . 2005Natur.434..325R .
• Missé D, Gajardo J, Oblet C, etal . Soluble HIV-1 gp120 enhances HIV-1 replication in non-dividing CD4+ T cells, mediated via cell signaling and Tat cofactor overexpression . AIDS . 19 . 9 . 897–905 . 2005 . 15905670 . 10.1097/01.aids.0000171403.07995.92 . 23688259 . free .

Notes and References

1. Zhou Q, Sharp PA . Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat . Science . 274 . 5287 . 605–10 . Nov 1996 . 8849451 . 10.1126/science.274.5287.605 . 1996Sci...274..605Z . 13266489 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: HTATSF1 HIV-1 Tat specific factor 1.
3. Corsini . Nina S. . Peer . Angela M. . Moeseneder . Paul . Roiuk . Mykola . Burkard . Thomas R. . Theussl . Hans-Christian . Moll . Isabella . Knoblich . Juergen A. . April 2018 . Coordinated Control of mRNA and rRNA Processing Controls Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation . Cell Stem Cell . English . 22 . 4 . 543–558.e12 . 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.002 . 1934-5909 . 29625069. free .
4. Kim . J B . Yamaguchi Y . Wada T . Handa H . Sharp P A . Sep 1999 . Tat-SF1 protein associates with RAP30 and human SPT5 proteins . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 19 . 9 . 5960–8 . 0270-7306. 10454543 . 84462 . 10.1128/mcb.19.9.5960.