HS3ST2 explained

Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HS3ST2 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biologic activities. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family. It is a type II integral membrane protein and possesses heparan sulfate glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity. This gene is expressed predominantly in brain and may play a role in the nervous system.^[3]

Role in breast cancerThe HS3ST2 promoter is hypermethylated in breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast ducts, suggesting a potential involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.^[4] Functional analysis revealed that upregulation of HS3ST2 in human breast cancer cells resulted in altered invasiveness, which was due to changes in Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and matrix metalloproteinase expression.^[5]

Further reading

• Lawrence R, Yabe T, Hajmohammadi S, etal . The principal neuronal gD-type 3-O-sulfotransferases and their products in central and peripheral nervous system tissues. . Matrix Biol. . 26 . 6 . 442–55 . 2007 . 17482450 . 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.03.002 . 1993827 .
• O'Donnell CD, Tiwari V, Oh MJ, Shukla D . A role for heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 2 in herpes simplex virus type 1 entry and spread. . Virology . 346 . 2 . 452–9 . 2006 . 16336986 . 10.1016/j.virol.2005.11.003 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, etal . The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 .
• Miyamoto K, Asada K, Fukutomi T, etal . Methylation-associated silencing of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-2 (3-OST-2) in human breast, colon, lung and pancreatic cancers. . Oncogene . 22 . 2 . 274–80 . 2003 . 12527896 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206146 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Liu J, Shworak NW, Sinaÿ P, etal . Expression of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms reveals novel substrate specificities. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 8 . 5185–92 . 1999 . 9988768 . 10.1074/jbc.274.8.5185 . free.
• Razi N, Lindahl U . Biosynthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate. The D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase reaction: target and inhibitor saccharides. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 19 . 11267–75 . 1995 . 7744762 . 10.1074/jbc.270.19.11267 . free .

Notes and References

1. Shworak NW, Liu J, Petros LM, Zhang L, Kobayashi M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Rosenberg RD . Multiple isoforms of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase. Isolation, characterization, and expression of human cdnas and identification of distinct genomic loci . J Biol Chem . 274 . 8 . 5170–84 . Mar 1999 . 9988767 . 10.1074/jbc.274.8.5170 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: HS3ST2 heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: HS3ST2 heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2.
4. Dietrich . Dimo . Analysis of DNA Methylation of Multiple Genes in Microdissected Cells From Formalin-fixed and Paraffin-embedded Tissues . Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry . 2009 . 57 . 5 . 477–489 . 10.1369/jhc.2009.953026 . 19153192. 2674771 .
5. Vijaya Kumar . Archana . HS3ST2 modulates breast cancer cell invasiveness via MAP kinase- and Tcf4 (Tcf7l2)-dependent regulation of protease and cadherin expression. . International Journal of Cancer . 2014 . 135 . 11 . 2579–92 . 10.1002/ijc.28921 . 24752740. 205950148 . free .