HMS Ocean was 273feet long between perpendiculars and had a beam of 58feet. The ship had a draught of 24feet forward and 27feet aft. She displaced 6832LT.[1]
Ocean had a metacentric height of 6.01feet which meant that she rolled a lot and was an unsteady gun platform.[2] Her hull was sheathed with Muntz metal to reduce biofouling. Her crew consisted of 605 officers and ratings.[3]
Ocean had a simple horizontal 2-cylinder horizontal return connecting-rod steam engine driving a single propeller shaft[4] using steam provided by eight rectangular boilers.[5] The engine produced 4244ihp during the ship's sea trials in June 1864 which gave the ship a maximum speed of 12.9kn. Ocean carried a maximum of 570LT of coal,[6] enough to steam 2000nmi at . She was barque-rigged with three masts and had a sail area of 25000square feet. Her best speed with the propeller disconnected and under sail alone was .[7] Yards were added to the ship's mizzenmast by 1866 and Ocean was given a full ship rig which she retained for the rest of her career.[8]
Ocean was initially armed with twenty-four 70NaN0 rifled muzzle-loading guns. Four of these guns were mounted on the upper deck as chase guns, two each fore and aft. The 16-calibre seven-inch gun weighed 6.5LT and fired a 1121NaN1 shell. It was credited with the ability to penetrate 7.7inches of armour.[9] In 1867 four of these guns were replaced by 80NaN0 rifled muzzle-loaders.[10] The shell of the 15-calibre eight-inch gun weighed 175lb while the gun itself weighed 9LT. It had a muzzle velocity of 1410ft/s and was credited with the ability to penetrate 9.6inches of wrought iron armour at the muzzle.[9]
The entire side of the Prince Consort-class ships, from the upper-deck level downwards, was protected by wrought iron armour that tapered from 4.5inches amidships to 3inches at the ends. The armour extended 5inchesft6inchesin (ftin) below the waterline. One small conning tower was fitted on each side of the upper deck amidships, but these proved to be untenable when the ship's guns were fired. The armour was backed by the sides of the ship which were 29.5inches thick.[11]
HMS Ocean was laid down on 23 August 1860 as a wooden two-deck, 90-gun ship of the line by Devonport Dockyard. The Admiralty ordered on 5 June 1861[12] that she be lengthened 23feet, cut down one deck,[13] and converted to an armoured frigate for the price of £298,851.[10] The ship was launched on 19 March 1863 and commissioned in July 1866, but was not completed until 6 September 1866.[12] Ocean initially served with the Channel Fleet, but she was almost immediately transferred to the Mediterranean, and from there to the Far East; she arrived in Batavia (now Jakarta) on 15 October 1867. She was the only armoured ship ever to double the Cape of Good Hope under canvas alone.[14] During this voyage Ocean set a record in having sailed on 26 August 1867 with cold boilers, the greatest distance ever covered under sail power by a British ironclad.[15]
Ocean served on the China Station for five years, 1867–1872, without docking once. The ship relieved the old two-decker as station flagship in 1869 when Vice-Admiral Henry Kellett took command; a new crew was carried out by and Captain William Hewett, VC assumed command of the ship.[14] In 1871, Ocean ran down and sunk a large Chinese junk at Amoy.[16] Ocean was relieved in turn by in 1872, but drew too much water to pass through the Suez Canal. The Admiralty therefore ordered that she return home via the Cape of Good Hope using steam. The ship's bottom was very foul and she averaged only 4.5 knots (8.3 km/h) during the voyage. Ocean had lost a lot of sheathing during her time in the Far East and much of her planking was in a bad state. The ship was therefore relegated to dockyard reserve until sold in 1882,[14] to Castle's for breaking up at Charlton. Her stern decoration was sent to Millbank, London, to decorate Castle's yard entrance.[17]