HMS Andrew (P423) explained

HMS Andrew (P423/S23/S63), was an of the Royal Navy, built by Vickers Armstrong and launched on 6 April 1946.

The submarine was fitted with a 4adj=onNaNadj=on deck gun in 1964 for service during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation to counter blockade-running junks.[1] The gun was fired for the last time in December 1974.[2] She was sold off in 1977 and was broken up.

Andrew was briefly the oldest Amphion-class submarine to remain in service, was the last British submarine with a deck gun, was the last British World War II-designed submarine in service, and was the first submarine to use a "snort" to cross the Atlantic (in May 1953).[3]

Design

Like all Amphion-class submarines, Andrew had a displacement of 1360t when at the surface and 1590t while submerged. It had a total length of 293feet, a beam of 22feet, and a draught of 18feet. The submarine was powered by two Admiralty ML eight-cylinder diesel engines generating a power of each. It also contained four electric motors each producing that drove two shafts.[4] It could carry a maximum of 219t of diesel, although it usually carried between 159t165t.[4]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.5kn and a submerged speed of 8kn.[5] When submerged, it could operate at 3kn for 90nmi or at 8kn for 16nmi. When surfaced, it was able to travel 15200nmi at 10kn or 10500nmi at 11kn.[4] Andrew was fitted with ten 21inches torpedo tubes, one QF 4 inch naval gun Mk XXIII, one Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, and a .303 British Vickers machine gun. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the bow and stern, and it could carry twenty torpedoes. Its complement was sixty-one crew members.[4]

Service history

In September 1950 Andrew sailed to Canada for a three-month deployment training with the Royal Canadian Navy.[6] In February 1953, Andrew deployed to Bermuda for training with the Royal Canadian Navy cruiser, destroyer and minesweeper .[7] In June 1953, Andrew became the first submarine to cross the Atlantic submerged for the entire voyage, leaving Bermuda and arriving on 15 June in the English Channel. During the voyage a diesel engine was damaged and a periscope malfunctioned, however both were repaired while submerged. The submarine had been returning from its deployment with the Royal Canadian Navy.[8]

The submarine was used in Port Phillip Bay and tied up in Melbourne to portray the fictional United States Navy nuclear-powered submarine USS Sawfish in the 1959 Stanley Kramer film On the Beach.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Preston, Antony . Antony Preston (naval historian)

    . The Royal Navy Submarine Service A Centennial History . Antony Preston (naval historian) . 2001 . Conway Maritime Press . 0-85177-891-7 . 129.

  2. Book: Tall, J.J . HM Submarines in Camera An Illustrated History of British Submarines . Paul Kemp . 1996 . Sutton Publishing . 0-7509-0875-0 . 160.
  3. Book: The submarine Alliance (Anatomy of the ship series) . John Lambert and David Hill . Conway Maritime Press . 1986 . 0-85177-380-X. 19.
  4. Book: Paul Akermann. Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901-1955. 1 November 2002. Periscope Publishing Ltd.. 978-1-904381-05-1. 422.
  5. Web site: Acheron class. World Naval Ships, Cranston Fine Arts. 20 August 2015.
  6. British Submarine Loaned for Training Purposes . The Crowsnest . September 1950 . King's Printer . 2 . 11 . 3.
  7. East Coast Ships On Training Cruises . The Crowsnest . Queen's Printer . March 1953 . 5 . 5 . 3.
  8. Andrew Sets Undersea Record . The Crowsnest . Queen's Printer . July 1953 . 9 . 5 . 3.
  9. RN Subs - HMS Andrew (P423): http://rnsubs.co.uk/boats/subs/amphion-class/andrew.html