HLTF explained

Helicase-like transcription factor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HLTF gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF family. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein contains a RING finger DNA binding motif. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. However, use of an alternative translation start site produces an isoform that is truncated at the N-terminus compared to the full-length protein.^[2]

HLTF is a double-stranded DNA translocase, one of two human homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD5 besides SHPRH (SNF2 histone linker PHD RING helicase), that is able to carry out fork regression, similarly to Rad5.^[3]

Interactions

HLTF has been shown to interact with UBE2N,^[4] RAD18^[4] and UBE2V2^[4] (see also STRING functional and physical associations network : under the option 'search by name' enter 'protein name' of interest, HLTF, klick on 'GO! ', choose 'organism ', klick on 'continue ->' ).

Further reading

• Sheridan PL, Schorpp M, Voz ML, Jones KA . Cloning of an SNF2/SWI2-related protein that binds specifically to the SPH motifs of the SV40 enhancer and to the HIV-1 promoter. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 9 . 4575–87 . 1995 . 7876228 . 10.1074/jbc.270.9.4575 . free .
• Descheemaeker K . On the regulation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression. . Verh. K. Acad. Geneeskd. Belg. . 55 . 3 . 225–64 . 1993 . 8342330 .
• Ding H, Descheemaeker K, Marynen P, etal . Characterization of a helicase-like transcription factor involved in the expression of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. . DNA Cell Biol. . 15 . 6 . 429–42 . 1996 . 8672239 . 10.1089/dna.1996.15.429 .
• Gong X, Kaushal S, Ceccarelli E, etal . Developmental regulation of Zbu1, a DNA-binding member of the SWI2/SNF2 family. . Dev. Biol. . 183 . 2 . 166–82 . 1997 . 9126292 . 10.1006/dbio.1996.8486 . free .
• Ding H, Benotmane AM, Suske G, etal . Functional interactions between Sp1 or Sp3 and the helicase-like transcription factor mediate basal expression from the human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 28 . 19573–80 . 1999 . 10391891 . 10.1074/jbc.274.28.19573 . free .
• Mansharamani M, Hewetson A, Chilton BS . Cloning and characterization of an atypical Type IV P-type ATPase that binds to the RING motif of RUSH transcription factors. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 5 . 3641–9 . 2001 . 11058586 . 10.1074/jbc.M004231200 . free .
• Shaheduzzaman S, Krishnan V, Petrovic A, etal . Effects of HIV-1 Nef on cellular gene expression profiles. . J. Biomed. Sci. . 9 . 1 . 82–96 . 2002 . 11810028 . 10.1007/BF02256581 .
• Moinova HR, Chen WD, Shen L, etal . HLTF gene silencing in human colon cancer. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 7 . 4562–7 . 2002 . 11904375 . 10.1073/pnas.062459899 . 123687 . 2002PNAS...99.4562M . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Leung WK, Yu J, Bai AH, etal . Inactivation of helicase-like transcription factor by promoter hypermethylation in human gastric cancer. . Mol. Carcinog. . 37 . 2 . 91–7 . 2003 . 12766908 . 10.1002/mc.10124 . 46627646 .
• Hamai Y, Oue N, Mitani Y, etal . DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation of the HLTF gene are associated with reduced expression in gastric carcinoma. . Cancer Sci. . 94 . 8 . 692–8 . 2004 . 12901794 . 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01504.x . 27311901 . free . 11160177 .
• Goehler H, Lalowski M, Stelzl U, etal . A protein interaction network links GIT1, an enhancer of huntingtin aggregation, to Huntington's disease. . Mol. Cell . 15 . 6 . 853–65 . 2004 . 15383276 . 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.016 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, etal . Nucleolar proteome dynamics. . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, etal . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . free .
• Fukuoka T, Hibi K, Nakao A . Aberrant methylation is frequently observed in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. . Anticancer Res. . 26 . 5A . 3333–5 . 2006 . 17094449 .

Notes and References

1. Lin Y, Sheridan PL, Jones KA, Evans GA . The HIP116 SNF2/SW12-related transcription factor gene (SNF2L3) is located on human chromosome 3q25.1-q26.1 . Genomics . 27 . 2 . 381–2 . Nov 1995 . 7558014 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1064 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: HLTF helicase-like transcription factor.
3. Unk I, Hajdú I, Blastyák A, Haracska L . Role of yeast Rad5 and its human orthologs, HLTF and SHPRH in DNA damage tolerance . DNA Repair (Amst) . 9 . 3 . 257–67 . Jan 2010 . 20096653 . 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.12.013 .
4. Unk I, Hajdú I, Fátyol K, Hurwitz J, Yoon JH, Prakash L, Prakash S, Haracska L . Human HLTF functions as a ubiquitin ligase for proliferating cell nuclear antigen polyubiquitination . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 105 . 10 . 3768–73 . March 2008 . 18316726 . 2268824 . 10.1073/pnas.0800563105 . 2008PNAS..105.3768U . free .