HLF (gene) explained

Hepatic leukemia factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLF gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene encodes a member of the proline and acidic-rich (PAR) protein family, a subset of the bZIP transcription factors. The encoded protein forms homodimers or heterodimers with other PAR family members and binds sequence-specific promoter elements to activate transcription. Chromosomal translocations fusing portions of this gene with the E2A gene cause a subset of childhood B-lineage acute lymphoid leukemias. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.^[3]

Further reading

• LeBrun DP . E2A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in human leukemia . Frontiers in Bioscience . 8 . s206-22 . May 2003 . 12700034 . 10.2741/1030 . free .
• Hunger SP, Ohyashiki K, Toyama K, Cleary ML . Hlf, a novel hepatic bZIP protein, shows altered DNA-binding properties following fusion to E2A in t(17;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Genes & Development . 6 . 9 . 1608–20 . September 1992 . 1516826 . 10.1101/gad.6.9.1608 . free .
• Falvey E, Fleury-Olela F, Schibler U . The rat hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) gene encodes two transcriptional activators with distinct circadian rhythms, tissue distributions and target preferences . The EMBO Journal . 14 . 17 . 4307–17 . September 1995 . 7556072 . 394515 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00105.x.
• Hunger SP, Brown R, Cleary ML . DNA-binding and transcriptional regulatory properties of hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) and the t(17;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia chimera E2A-HLF . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 14 . 9 . 5986–96 . September 1994 . 8065331 . 359124 . 10.1128/mcb.14.9.5986 .
• Inaba T, Shapiro LH, Funabiki T, Sinclair AE, Jones BG, Ashmun RA, Look AT . DNA-binding specificity and trans-activating potential of the leukemia-associated E2A-hepatic leukemia factor fusion protein . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 14 . 5 . 3403–13 . May 1994 . 8164688 . 358705 . 10.1128/mcb.14.5.3403.
• Hunger SP . Chromosomal translocations involving the E2A gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical features and molecular pathogenesis . Blood . 87 . 4 . 1211–24 . February 1996 . 8608207 . 10.1182/blood.v87.4.1211.bloodjournal8741211. free .
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA . A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction . Analytical Biochemistry . 236 . 1 . 107–13 . April 1996 . 8619474 . 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 .
• Hunger SP, Li S, Fall MZ, Naumovski L, Cleary ML . The proto-oncogene HLF and the related basic leucine zipper protein TEF display highly similar DNA-binding and transcriptional regulatory properties . Blood . 87 . 11 . 4607–17 . June 1996 . 8639829 . 10.1182/blood.V87.11.4607.bloodjournal87114607. free .
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA . Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing . Genome Research . 7 . 4 . 353–8 . April 1997 . 9110174 . 139146 . 10.1101/gr.7.4.353 .
• Takahata S, Sogawa K, Kobayashi A, Ema M, Mimura J, Ozaki N, Fujii-Kuriyama Y . Transcriptionally active heterodimer formation of an Arnt-like PAS protein, Arnt3, with HIF-1a, HLF, and clock . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 248 . 3 . 789–94 . July 1998 . 9704006 . 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9012 .
• Inukai T, Inaba T, Ikushima S, Look AT . The AD1 and AD2 transactivation domains of E2A are essential for the antiapoptotic activity of the chimeric oncoprotein E2A-HLF . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 18 . 10 . 6035–43 . October 1998 . 9742120 . 109189 . 10.1128/mcb.18.10.6035.
• Begbie M, Mueller C, Lillicrap D . Enhanced binding of HLF/DBP heterodimers represents one mechanism of PAR protein transactivation of the factor VIII and factor IX genes . DNA and Cell Biology . 18 . 2 . 165–73 . February 1999 . 10073576 . 10.1089/104454999315556 .
• Ema M, Hirota K, Mimura J, Abe H, Yodoi J, Sogawa K, Poellinger L, Fujii-Kuriyama Y . Molecular mechanisms of transcription activation by HLF and HIF1alpha in response to hypoxia: their stabilization and redox signal-induced interaction with CBP/p300 . The EMBO Journal . 18 . 7 . 1905–14 . April 1999 . 10202154 . 1171276 . 10.1093/emboj/18.7.1905 .
• Honda H, Inaba T, Suzuki T, Oda H, Ebihara Y, Tsuiji K, Nakahata T, Ishikawa T, Yazaki Y, Hirai H . Expression of E2A-HLF chimeric protein induced T-cell apoptosis, B-cell maturation arrest, and development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Blood . 93 . 9 . 2780–90 . May 1999 . 10216071 . 10.1182/blood.v93.9.2780.409a47_2780_2790. 2024-04-01 .
• Matsunaga T, Inaba T, Matsui H, Okuya M, Miyajima A, Inukai T, Funabiki T, Endo M, Look AT, Kurosawa H . Regulation of annexin II by cytokine-initiated signaling pathways and E2A-HLF oncoprotein . Blood . 103 . 8 . 3185–91 . April 2004 . 15070701 . 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3022 . 12473166 . free .

Notes and References

1. Inaba T, Roberts WM, Shapiro LH, Jolly KW, Raimondi SC, Smith SD, Look AT . Fusion of the leucine zipper gene HLF to the E2A gene in human acute B-lineage leukemia . Science . 257 . 5069 . 531–4 . July 1992 . 1386162 . 10.1126/science.1386162 . 1992Sci...257..531I .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: HLF hepatic leukemia factor.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: HLF hepatic leukemia factor.