HLA-DOA explained

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOA gene.^{[1] [2]}

HLA-DOA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. HLA-DOA forms a heterodimer with HLA-DOB. The heterodimer, HLA-DO, is found in lysosomes in B cells and regulates HLA-DM-mediated peptide loading on MHC class II molecules. In comparison with classical HLA class II molecules, this gene exhibits very little sequence variation, especially at the protein level.^[2]

Further reading

• Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, etal . Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120 . Immunogenetics . 34 . 2 . 121–8 . 1991 . 1869305 . 10.1007/BF00211424 . 10116507 .
• Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH . HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion . J. Immunol. . 144 . 2 . 526–31 . 1990 . 10.4049/jimmunol.144.2.526 . 1967269 .
• Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ . Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 87 . 22 . 9052–6 . 1991 . 1978941 . 10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052 . 55099 . free .
• Rosen-Bronson S, Long EO . An unusual form of alternative splicing in the HLA-DNA gene . Immunogenetics . 33 . 2 . 124–31 . 1991 . 1999352 . 10.1007/BF00210826 . 23451770 .
• Jonsson AK, Rask L . Human class II DNA and DOB genes display low sequence variability . Immunogenetics . 29 . 6 . 411–3 . 1989 . 2499532 . 10.1007/BF00375872 . 5481750 .
• Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL . Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding . Nature . 339 . 6225 . 548–51 . 1989 . 2543930 . 10.1038/339548a0 . 1989Natur.339..548C . 4246781 . free .
• Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, etal . Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120 . J. Immunol. . 141 . 11 . 3715–7 . 1988 . 10.4049/jimmunol.141.11.3715 . 2846691 .
• Inoko H, Ando A, Kimura M, Tsuji K . Isolation and characterization of the cDNA clone and genomic clones of a new HLA class II antigen heavy chain, DO alpha . J. Immunol. . 135 . 3 . 2156–9 . 1985 . 10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.2156 . 2991382 .
• Trowsdale J, Kelly A . The human HLA class II alpha chain gene DZ alpha is distinct from genes in the DP, DQ and DR subregions . EMBO J. . 4 . 9 . 2231–7 . 1986 . 3000765 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03919.x. 554490 .
• Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A . AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications . AIDS Research . 2 . 3 . 163–74 . 1986 . 3489470 . 10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.163.
• Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, etal . HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4 . J. Immunol. . 152 . 9 . 4475–88 . 1994 . 10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4475 . 7512597 . free .
• Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, etal . HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71) . J. Immunol. . 155 . 2 . 917–24 . 1995 . 10.4049/jimmunol.155.2.917 . 7541827 .
• Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF . Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC . J. Immunol. . 155 . 1 . 473–88 . 1995 . 10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.473 . 7602119 . 19994352 .
• Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, etal . HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41 . Mol. Immunol. . 31 . 13 . 977–82 . 1994 . 8084338 . 10.1016/0161-5890(94)90092-2 .
• Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, etal . Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help . Cell. Immunol. . 155 . 1 . 169–82 . 1994 . 8168144 . 10.1006/cimm.1994.1110 . free .
• Callahan KM, Rowell JF, Soloski MJ, etal . HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes . J. Immunol. . 151 . 6 . 2928–42 . 1993 . 10.4049/jimmunol.151.6.2928 . 8376762 .
• Liljedahl M, Kuwana T, Fung-Leung WP, etal . HLA-DO is a lysosomal resident which requires association with HLA-DM for efficient intracellular transport . EMBO J. . 15 . 18 . 4817–24 . 1996 . 8890155 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00862.x. 452218 .
• Ruff AL, Guarnieri FG, Staveley-O'Carroll K, etal . The enhanced immune response to the HIV gp160/LAMP chimeric gene product targeted to the lysosome membrane protein trafficking pathway . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 13 . 8671–8 . 1997 . 9079699 . 10.1074/jbc.272.13.8671 . free .
• Douek DC, Altmann DM . HLA-DO is an intracellular class II molecule with distinctive thymic expression . Int. Immunol. . 9 . 3 . 355–64 . 1997 . 9088974 . 10.1093/intimm/9.3.355 . free .

Notes and References

1. Young JA, Trowsdale J . The HLA-DNA (DZA) gene is correctly expressed as a 1.1 kb mature mRNA transcript . Immunogenetics . 31 . 5–6 . 386–8 . Aug 1990 . 2370084 . 10.1007/BF02115015 . 31652916 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: HLA-DOA major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO alpha.