major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, B48 | ||
| Alleles | B*4801 B*4802 B*4803 | |
| Structure (See HLA-B) | ||
| Symbol(s) | HLA-B | |
| EBI-HLA | B*4801 | |
| EBI-HLA | B*4802 | |
| EBI-HLA | B*4803 | |
| Locus | chr.6 6p21.31 | |
HLA-B48 (B48) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*48 gene products.[1] B48 is most common along the West Pacific Rim, Americas indigenous peoples and Northern Eurasians. B*4801 is part of a group of alleles including B*4201 that share Intron 1 sequence with B*0702,[2] which is common over Western and Central Asia, and has a distribution indicating an early and long presence in Eurasian humans. A*48 appears to be the result of a recombination event that occurred early in the settlement history of Central Asia that then spread eastward into the NW Pacific rim and the New World. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)
| B*48 | B48 | Other | Sample | |
| allele | % | % | size (N) | |
| 4801 | 78 | 10 | 610 | |
| 4802 | 3 | 60 | 39 | |
| 4803 | 66 | 13 | 32 |
| freq | |||
| ref. | Population | (%) | |
| [4] | Ami (Taiwan) | 26.0 | |
| Lama (Lamas, Peru) | 24.7 | ||
| Chiriguanos (Argentina) | 21.7 | ||
| Truku (Taiwan) | 19.1 | ||
| Atayal (Taiwan) | 17.0 | ||
| Pima (Arizona, USA) | 16.9 | ||
| Nenets (Russia) | 15.7 | ||
| Yup'ik (Alaska, USA) | 14.7 | ||
| Toba Rosario (Argentina) | 13.4 | ||
| Puyuma (Taiwan) | 12.0 | ||
| Nivkh (Sakhalin, Russia) | 11.3 | ||
| Samoans (Samoa) | 10.0 | ||
| Canoncito Navajo (New Mexico, USA) | 9.8 | ||
| Tarahumara (Chihuahua, Mexico) | 9.1 | ||
| Ivatan (Philippines) | 8.0 | ||
| Ainu (Hokkaido, Japan) | 7.0 | ||
| Rukai (Taiwan) | 7.0 | ||
| Manchu (Harbin, China) | 5.8 | ||
| Northern Han (China) | 5.7 | ||
| Khalka (Mongolia) | 5.7 | ||
| Pazeh (Taiwan) | 5.5 | ||
| Beijing (China) | 5.3 | ||
| Inner Mongolia (China) | 4.9 | ||
| Siraya (Taiwan) | 4.9 | ||
| Tuvans (Russia) | 4.7 | ||
| N. Korean (Harbin, China) | 4.5 | ||
| Maya (Mexico) | 4.5 | ||
| Zapotec (Oaxaca, Mexico) | 4.5 | ||
| Japan (5) | 4.3 | ||
| Tibet (China) | 4.1 | ||
| Tao (Taiwan) | 4.0 | ||
| Dzungar (Mongolia) | 3.9 | ||
| South Korea (3) | 3.4 | ||
| Linqu County (Shandong, China) | 3.3 | ||
| Seri (Sonora, Mexico) | 3.0 | ||
| Wanigela (Papua New Guinea) | 2.3 | ||
| Lakota Sioux (South Dakota, USA) | 2.2 | ||
| Madang (Madang, Papua New Guinea) | 1.8 | ||
| Kurds (Georgia Tbilisi) | 1.7 | ||
| Southern Han (China) | 1.6 | ||
| Rabaul (N. Britain, PNG) | 1.3 | ||
| Thailand | 1.1 | ||
| North Hindus (India) | 1.0 | ||
| Saomi (Murmansk, Russia) | 1.0 | ||
| Sindhi (Pakistan) | 0.5 |
There is a known haplotype that covers a distance from South America to Siberia
A
and maybe indicative of recent long range migration. This haplotype is foundin Peru, Mexico, Eskimos. The A
Another haplotype that shows long distance relationships is theA
The Cw8-B48-DRB1*0407-DQB1*0302 is found in the Peru Llamas and Japanese populations. However levels in Japan, given the declining gradient to the south, indicate these haplotypes are the result of admixing with Northern Jomon populations during the post-Jomon period.
The B*48 haplotypes indicate that the Sea of Japan region was a probable hot spot for both migration to the South and also to the New World.
The Orochon, which have the highest level of A*24-B*48 live along the Amur river in NE China and share many similarities with the Ainu of Hokkaido and the Nivkhi of Northern Sakalin Island. HLA B*48 haplotypes indicate a means of passage to the New World along the Siberian Coast, a possible land route of passage through Beringia or later by boat across the bering strait into the New World.